Analytic expression and series expansion of pulsation pressures of aviation hydraulic pumps
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摘要:
为了深入研究航空液压泵输出油液的脉动压力特性，以航空液压柱塞泵为研究对象，分析了柱塞泵运动和体积流量脉动的成因，推导了柱塞泵排油口的体积流量脉动函数表达式，建立了油液压力与体积流量脉动函数之间的联系，并采用傅里叶级数模拟了与实验数据吻合的多级脉动压力曲线。结果表明：模拟脉动压力曲线与实验数据基频、2倍频的相对误差均在5%以内，基频及2倍频处的压力幅值的相对误差均在1%以内，使用包含基频与2倍频的级数近似可以描绘航空液压柱塞泵出口处周期脉动压力的主要特征。研究结果为进行飞机液压系统管路结构的流固耦合振动仿真提供了载荷输入依据。
Abstract:To deeply research the pressure pulsation characteristics of aviation hydraulic piston pumps, the movement of the pumps and the causes of volume flowrate pulsation were analyzed respectively. Furthermore the relationship between the oil pressure and the volume flowrate pulsation function was established, and the volume flowrate pulsation function expression from the pump discharge nozzle was deduced. Finally, the multistage pulsation pressure curves consistent with the experimental data were simulated through the Fourier series. The results showed that the relative errors of the simulated pulsating pressure curve and the experimental data were within 5%, and the relative errors of the pressure amplitudes at the fundamental frequency and the double frequency were within 1%. The series approximation including the fundamental frequency and the double frequency can be used to describe the main characteristics of the periodic pulsating pressure at the outlet of the aircraft hydraulic piston pump. The research results provide a load input basis for the fluid-structure interaction vibration simulation of the pipeline structure of the aircraft hydraulic system.
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图 1 航空液压柱塞泵结构示意图
1 主轴；2 斜盘；3 柱塞；4 缸体；5 柱塞腔；6 配流盘；7 三角槽；8 吸油口；9 排油口；10 预压缩容积腔。
Figure 1. Schematic of viation hydraulic piston pump
图 4 脉动压力的实验与计算曲线比对
Figure 4. Comparison of test curve and calculated one of pulsation pressure
图 6 实验与模拟的脉动压力曲线对比
Figure 6. Comparison of pulsation pressure curves of test and simulation
图 8 计算与模拟曲线特征位置误差对比
Figure 8. Comparison of characteristic position errors on calculated and simulated curves
图 9 快速傅里叶变换频率-压力幅值图
Figure 9. Frequency-pressure amplitude diagram of fast Fourier transformation
表 1 已知初始条件
Table 1. Known initial conditions
参数 数值 柱塞数 11 转速/（r/s） 66.808 容积效率 0.9 负载容积体积/10−4 m3 $6.5$ 实际流量/10−4 （m3/s） $4.17$ 油液静压/MPa 28.65 
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表 2 计算压力脉动曲线特征位置数据比对
Table 2. Data comparison on calculated pressure pulsation curve feature locations
参数 实验数据 公式计算结果 计算误差/% 压力均值/MPa 28.55 28.53 −0.07 周期/ms 1.30 1.30 0 主峰压力/MPa 28.85 28.88 0.10 鞍部压力/MPa 28.53 28.46 −0.25 副峰压力/MPa 28.64 28.60 −0.14 谷值压力/MPa 28.20 28.19 −0.04
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表 3 模拟压力脉动曲线特征位置数据比对
Table 3. Data comparison on simulated pressure pulsation curve feature locations
参数 实验数据 傅里叶级数模拟结果 模拟误差/% 压力均值/MPa 28.55 28.51 −0.14 周期/ms 1.30 1.30 0 主峰压力/MPa 28.85 28.79 0.20 鞍部压力/MPa 28.53 28.49 −0.14 副峰压力/MPa 28.64 28.54 −0.35 谷值压力/MPa 28.20 28.24 0.04
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表 4 特征位置计算误差与模拟误差
Table 4. Calculation errors and simulation errors on feature positions
项目 均值 主峰 鞍部 副峰 谷值 计算误差/% −0.07 0.10 −0.25 −0.14 −0.04 模拟误差/% −0.14 0.20 −0.14 −0.35 0.14
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表 5 泵出口处脉动压力频率和幅值对比
Table 5. Comparisons of frequencies and amplitudes of pulsation pressure at pump outlet
项目 基频/
Hz2倍频/
Hz基频处压力
幅值/MPa2倍频处压力
幅值/MPa实验数据 735 1470 28.68 28.78 m=2模拟结果 770 1540 28.61 28.73 相对误差/% 4.76 4.76 0.24 0.17
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