Numerical and experimental investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics between stages of multi-stage brush seals
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摘要:
理论分析了多级刷式密封级间流动传热特性，设计加工了提高后挡板高度、减少刷丝束厚度两种各级差异化结构多级刷式密封实验件，在高温静态、常温动态及高温动态工况下，实验研究了其泄漏特性、级间温度分布特性。建立了三维实体多级刷式密封流动传热特性求解模型，数值与实验对比验证，研究了工况参数对两种各级差异化结构及各级相同结构多级刷式密封级间流动传热特性的影响规律。研究表明：提高后挡板高度与减少刷丝束厚度两种各级差异化结构多级刷式密封，各级间温度在高温静态与高温动态工况下随上下游压差的升高而增大，在常温动态工况下随上下游压差的升高而减小，高温动态工况下各级间温度整体上大于高温静态工况，泄漏量整体上小于高温静态工况。3种结构多级刷式密封第二级间温度均高于第一级间温度，各级相同结构各级间温度最高，减少刷丝束厚度结构最低，各级相同结构末级刷丝束上下游压差最大，压降分配均衡性最差。提高后挡板高度结构泄漏量最高，减少刷丝束厚度结构次之，各级相同结构最低。
Abstract:The flow and heat transfer characteristics between stages of multi-stage brush seals were theoretically analyzed, and the experimental pieces of multistage brush seal with two different structures of raising the blacking plate height and reducing the thickness of brush bundle were designed and machined. The characteristics of leakage and temperature distribution between stages were experimentally studied under high temperature static, normal temperature dynamic and high temperature dynamic conditions. A solution model for the flow and heat transfer characteristics of three-dimensional solid multi-stage brush seals was established, and the influences of operating parameters on flow and heat transfer characteristics of two different structures and the same multi-stage brush seals were studied by numerical and experimental comparison. The research showed that there were two different types of multi-stage brush seals, i.e.: raising the blackplate height and reducing the thickness of brush bundle; their interstage temperature increased with the increase of upstream and downstream pressure difference under high temperature static and dynamic working conditions, and decreased with the increase of upstream and downstream pressure difference under normal temperature dynamic working conditions. In high temperature dynamic working conditions, the interstate temperature was generally larger than that under high temperature static working conditions, and the leakage was generally smaller than that under high temperature static working conditions. The temperature between the second stage of the multi-stage brush seals of the three structures was higher than that between the first stage, the temperature between each stage of the same structure was the highest, the structure of reducing the thickness of the brush bundle was the lowest, the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the last stage of the brush bundle of the same structure was the largest, and the pressure drop distribution was the worst. The structure of raising the blacking plate height had the highest leakage, followed by the structure of reducing the thickness of brush bundle, and the structure of the same level had the lowest leakage.
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图 1 各级相同结构多刷式密封示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of multi-brush seals of the same structure at all levels
图 3 多刷式密封流动传热示意图
① 刷丝与转子间的导热；② 刷丝径向导热；③ 气流与转子表面传热；④ 气流与刷丝间表面传热；⑤ 前后挡板间表面传热。
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of flow heat transfer of multi-brush seals
图 4 各级差异化多刷式密封示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of differentiated multi-brush seals at all levels
图 6 各级差异化多级刷式密封实验件
Figure 6. Different levels of multistage brush seal experimental piece
图 7 多级刷式密封级间温度探测图
Figure 7. Multi-stage brush seals temperature detection diagram between sealing stages
图 8 多级刷式密封级间流动传热特性实验方案
Figure 8. Experimental scheme of flow and heat transfer characteristics between stages of multi-stage brush seals
图 11 MBSrbh级间温度分布影响分析
Figure 11. Influence analysis of temperature distribution between MBSrbh stages
图 12 MBSrtb级间温度分布影响分析
Figure 12. Influence analysis of temperature distribution between MBSrtb stages
图 13 多级刷式密封结构示意图（MBSrtb）
Figure 13. Schematic diagram of multi-stage brush seal structure （MBSrtb）
图 14 多级刷式密封（MBSrtb）网格划分示意图
Figure 14. Meshing diagram of multi-stage brush seals （MBSrtb）
图 15 不同网格数量下MBSrtb泄漏量变化
Figure 15. Variation of leakage amount of MBSrtb under different number of grids
图 17 MBSrtb级间温度数值与实验对比验证（Tin=301 K）
Figure 17. MBSrtb interstage temperature numerical and experimental comparison verification （Tin=301 K）
图 18 多级刷式密封压力与速度矢量分布图（Δp=0.2 MPa，n=
8500 r/min，Tin=301 K）Figure 18. multi-stage brush seals pressure and velocity vector distribution diagram （Δp=0.2 MPa，n=
8500 r/min，Tin=301 K）
图 19 多级刷式密封轴向压力分布（Δp=0.2 MPa，n=
8500 r/min，Tin=301 K）Figure 19. multi-stage brush seals axial pressure distribution （Δp=0.2 MPa，n=
8500 r/min，Tin=301 K）
图 20 MBSrtb温度分布云图（Δp=0.2 MPa，n=
8500 r/min，Tin=301 K）Figure 20. MBSrtb temperature distribution cloud image （Δp=0.2 MPa，n=
8500 r/min，Tin=301 K）
图 21 MBS温度分布云图（Δp=0.2 MPa，n=
8500 r/min，Tin=301 K）Figure 21. MBS temperature distribution cloud image （Δp=0.2 MPa，n=
8500 r/min，Tin=301 K）
图 22 多级刷式密封级间温度随压力变化（n=
8500 r/min，Tin=301 K）Figure 22. Multi-stage brush seals temperature varies with pressure （n=
8500 r/min，Tin=301 K）
图 23 进出口压比对多级刷式密封最高温度影响
Figure 23. Influence of inlet and outlet pressure ratio on the maximum temperature of multi-stage brush seals
图 24 进出口压比对多级刷式密封泄漏量的影响
Figure 24. Influence of inlet and outlet pressure ratio on leakage of multi-stage brush seals
图 25 转速对多级刷式密封最高温度影响
Figure 25. Influence of rotating speed on maximum temperature of multi-stage brush seals
图 26 转速对多级刷式密封泄漏量的影响
Figure 26. Influence of rotating speed on leakage of multi-stage brush seals
表 1 单位摩擦热流量计算
Table 1. Unit friction heat flow calculation
序号 Δp/MPa kb/（MPa/m） v/（m/s） q/（kW/s2） 1 0.05 135.73 75.4 184.21 2 0.10 271.45 103.7 506.69 3 0.15 407.13 131.9 966.61 4 0.20 542.91 160.2 1565.54 
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表 2 第一级刷式密封实验件结构参数
Table 2. Structural parameters of the first stage brush seal experimental piece
主要结构参数 数值 前挡板与刷丝束间隙w1/mm 1.0 前挡板高度hf/mm 1.9 刷丝束厚度B/mm 1.8 前挡板宽度L2/mm 1.0 后挡板高度hr/mm 1.5 后挡板宽度L3/mm 2.5 减压腔高度hd/mm 3.0 减压腔宽度w2/mm 1.0 刷丝直径d/mm 0.08 刷丝排列间隙δ/mm 0.008 刷丝安装倾角θ/（°） 45
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表 3 MBSrbh、MBSrtb实验件第二、三级结构参数
Table 3. MBSrbh，MBSrtb experimental parts two, three structural parameters
mm 主要
参数MBSrbh MBSrtb 第二级 第三级 第二级 第三级 hr 1.8 2.5 1.5 1.5 B 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.8
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表 4 边界条件
Table 4. Boundary conditions
参数 数值及属性 进口总压pin/MPa 0.1～0.4 出口静压pout/MPa 0.1 转速n/（r/min） 0～ 8500 进口总温Tin/K 301～573 湍流模型 RNG k-ε 壁面函数 Scalable 流体介质 Air ideal gas 迭代步数 3000
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