热障涂层隔热机理分析及有效性判据

刘洋; 杜泽群; 李海旺; 由儒全

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220309

热障涂层隔热机理分析及有效性判据

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220309

刘洋^{1, 2},
杜泽群^1,*, ,,
李海旺¹,
由儒全¹

1.
北京航空航天大学航空发动机气动热力国家级重点实验室，北京 100191
2.
中国船舶集团有限公司武汉第二船舶设计研究所，武汉 430205

详细信息

作者简介:
刘洋（1997−），男，硕士生，主要从事涡轮叶片热障涂层隔热性能研究

通讯作者:
杜泽群（1998−），女，博士生，主要从事涡轮叶片高效冷却及热障涂层等方面的研究。E-mail：by2132127@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V231.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-08

Thermal insulation mechanism analysis and effectiveness criterion of thermal barrier coating

LIU Yang^{1, 2},
DU Zequn^{1,*
, ,},
LI Haiwang¹,
YOU Ruquan¹

1.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Engine Aero-thermodynamics， Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute，China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited，Wuhan 430205，China

摘要

摘要:
建立了一维对流-导热模型，经理论推导、分析验证得到了热障涂层隔热有效性判据：当涂层热阻大于无涂层时高温燃气侧换热热阻时，涂层总能使叶片金属基体外表面温度降低，起到隔热效果；反之，则喷涂热障涂层（TBC）后外部燃气侧表面传热系数存在临界值，只有该表面传热系数小于临界值，热障涂层才能起到隔热效果，否则涂层起不到隔热效果，甚至会恶化叶片换热。热障涂层自身温降与有无涂层前后叶片金属基体外表面温降成比例关系，建立了以叶片金属基体外表面温度为基础的新的涂层隔热效果评价机制。
- 涡轮叶片 /
- 热障涂层 /
- 隔热机理 /
- 热障涂层温降 /
- 有效性判据
Abstract:
A one-dimensional convection-thermal conductivity model was established, and the thermal insulation effectiveness criterion of the thermal barrier coating was obtained through theoretical deduction and analysis. When the thermal resistance of the coating was greater than the heat transfer resistance of the high-temperature gas side without coating, the coating could generate a positive thermal insulation effect. On the contrary, the heat transfer coefficient for the external gas side after spraying the thermal barrier coating (TBC) had a maximum critical value. At this time, only when the external gas side heat transfer coefficient was smaller than this critical value after the TBC was sprayed, the TBC could have a thermal insulation effect, otherwise the thermal barrier coating couldn't work, even worsen the heat transfer of the blades. The temperature-drop of the TBC itself was proportional to the temperature-drop of the outer surface of metal blade with or without TBC. And a new evaluation standard of the thermal insulation effect of the coating based on the outer surface temperature of the blade metal substrate was proposed.
- turbine blade /
- thermal barrier coating /
- thermal insulation mechanism /
- temperature-drop of the TBC /
- effectiveness criterion

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图 1 一维理论换热模型

Figure 1. One-dimensional theoretical heat transfer model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 带热障涂层的叶片导热对流模型（单位：mm）

Figure 2. Thermal convection model of blade with thermal barrier coating (unit：mm)

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图 3 不带热障涂层的叶片导热对流模型（单位：mm）

Figure 3. Thermal convection model of blade without thermal barrier coating (unit：mm)

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图 4 带热障涂层叶片金属基体外表面温度${T'_{{\text{w}}2}}$随${h'_1}$变化曲线 (${h_1} = 40\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } ){\text{ }}\;，{h'_1} = 1$～$ 100\;000\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } ) $)

Figure 4. Curve of external surface temperature of blade metal substrate with thermal barrier coating ${T '_{{\text{w}}2}}$ varies with ${h '_1}$ (${h_1} = 40\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } ){\text{ }}\;，{h'_1} = 1$−$100\;000\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } )$)

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图 5 带热障涂层时叶片金属基体外表面温度${T '_{{\text{w}}2}}$随${h '_1}$变化曲线 (${h_1} = 10\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } )\;，{h '_1} = 1$～$40\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } ) $)

Figure 5. Curve of external surface temperature of blade metal substrate with thermal barrier coating ${T '_{{\text{w}}2}}$ varies with ${h '_1}$ (${h_1} = 10\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } ){\text{ }}，{h '_1} = 1$−$ 40\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } ) $)

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图 6 ${h_1} = 40\;{\text{W/}}( {{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}} \cdot {\text{K}}})$时，温降比的计算值和理论值比较图

Figure 6. Comparison of calculated and theoretical values of temperature drop ratio，when ${h_1} = 40\;{\text{W/}}( {{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}} \cdot {\text{K}}} )$

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图 7 温降比的计算值和理论值比较图 (${h_1} = 10\;{\text{W/}}( {{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}} \cdot {\text{K}}} )$)

Figure 7. Comparison of calculated and theoretical values of temperature drop ratio (${h_1} = 10\;{\text{W/}}( {{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}} \cdot {\text{K}}} )$)

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表 1 换热模型参数

Table 1. Heat transfer model parameters

参数类型	真实叶片	设计模型
金属基体厚度/mm	1.5～3.0	12.00
涂层厚度/mm	0.1～0.7	3.00
金属基体导热系数/(${ {\text{W} } / {( { {\text{m} } \cdot {\text{K} } })} }$)	20～25	1.02
涂层导热系数/(${ {\text{W} } /{( { {\text{m} } \cdot {\text{K} } } )} }$)	0.8～2	0.065
涂层/金属基体厚度比	0.05～0.5	0.25
涂层/金属基体导热系数比	0.04～0.08	0.07
外换热系数/(${ {\text{W} } /{( { {\text{m} }^2 \cdot {\text{K} } })} }$)	10³～10⁴	10～40
金属基体/涂层 Bi数比	0.1～1.5	数量级一致
叶片金属基体表面粗糙度/μm	1.20	尽可能光滑
涂层表面粗糙度/μm	4～7	3.2～8.0

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表 2 边界条件

Table 2. Boundary conditions

边界	条件设置
无涂层高温燃气侧	对流边界条件： ${T_{\rm{g}}} = 493\;{\text{ K} }$, ${h_1} = { {10} / {40} }\;{ {\text{W} }/{( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } )} }$
有涂层高温燃气侧	对流边界条件：${T_{\rm{g}}} = 493\;{\text{ K} }$, ${h'_1} = 1 {\text{～}} 100\;000\;{\text{W/} }( { { {\text{m} }^{\text{2} } } \cdot {\text{K} } } )$
内部冷却气侧	对流边界条件：${T_{\rm{c}}} = 293\;{\text{ K} }$, ${h_2} = 20\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } )$
其余边界	对称面为周期性边界条件

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表 3 ${T '_{{\text{w}}2}}$随${h'_1}$变化曲线 (${h_1} = 40\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } ){\text{ }}，{h '_1} = 1{\text{～}}100\;000\;{\text{W/}}( {{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}} \cdot {\text{K}}} )$)

Table 3. ${T '_{{\text{w}}2}}$ variation curve with ${h '_1}$ (${h_1} = 40\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } )，{\text{ }}{h'_1} = 1$−$100\;000\;{\text{W/}}( {{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}} \cdot {\text{K}}} ) $)

${ { h'_1} } /({\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } }))$	${ { { T '_{ {\text{w} }2} } } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom { { { {T'}_{ {\text{w} }2} } } {\text{K} } } } \right. } {\text{K} } }$
1	304.127
10	352.394
20	371.207
40	385.922
100	397.746
1000	406.403
10000	407.348
100000	407.443

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表 4 ${T '_{{\text{w}}2}}$随${h'_1}$变化曲线 (${h_1} = 10\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } )\;，{h'_1} = 1$～$ 40\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } ) $)

Table 4. ${T'_{{\text{w}}2}}$ variation curve with ${h'_1}$ (${h_1} = 10\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } )\;，{h'_1} = 1$−$ 40\;{\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } ) $)

${ {h'_1} }/({\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^2} \cdot {\text{K} } } ))$	${ { { T'_{ {\text{w} }2} } } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom { { { {T {\text{'} } }_{ {\text{w} }2} } } {\text{K} } } } \right. } {\text{K} } }$
1	304.127
5	333.099
10	352.394
14.2857	362.413
18.5714	369.347
22.8571	374.431
40	385.922

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表 5 各参数随${h' _1}$变化结果 (${h_1} = 40\;{\text{W/}}( {{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}} \cdot {\text{K}}} )$)

Table 5. Change results of each parameter with ${h' _1}$ (${h_1} = 40\;{\text{W/}}( {{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}} \cdot {\text{K}}})$)

${ { { h'_1} } /{( { {\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^{\text{2} } } \cdot {\text{K} } })})} }$	${ { { T'_{ {\text{w} }2} } } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom { { { {T'}_{ {\text{w} }2} } } {\text{K} } } } \right. } {\text{K} } }$	${ { { T'_{ {\text{w3} } } } } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom { { { {T'}_{ {\text{w3} } } } } {\text{K} } } } \right. } {\text{K} } }$	$ {{\Delta {T_1}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta {T_1}} {\text{K}}}} \right. } {\text{K}}} $	$ {{\Delta {T_2}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta {T_2}} {\text{K}}}} \right. } {\text{K}}} $	温降比计算值	温降比理论值
1	304.127	312.46	8.333	131.236	0.063496297	0.063492063
10	352.394	396.796	44.402	82.969	0.535163736	0.535147392
20	371.207	429.668	58.461	64.156	0.911231997	0.911196911
40	385.922	455.378	69.456	49.441	1.404825954	1.404761905
100	397.746	476.037	78.291	37.617	2.081266449	2.081128748
1000	406.403	491.164	84.761	28.96	2.926830110	2.926587302
10000	407.348	492.815	85.467	28.015	3.050758522	3.050514451
100000	407.443	492.982	85.539	27.92	3.063717765	3.063486871

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表 6 各参数随${h' _1}$变化结果 (${h_1} = 10\;{\text{W/}}( {{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}} \cdot {\text{K}}})$)

Table 6. Change results of each parameter with ${h' _1}$ (${h_1} = 10\;{\text{W/}}( {{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}} \cdot {\text{K}}} )$)

${ { { h'_1} } /{({ {\text{W} }/( { { {\text{m} }^{\text{2} } } \cdot {\text{K} } } )} )} }$	${ { { T'_{ {\text{w} }2} } } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom { { { {T'}_{ {\text{w} }2} } } {\text{K} } } } \right. } {\text{K} } }$	${ { { T'_{ {\text{w3} } } } } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom { { { {T'}_{ {\text{w3} } } } } {\text{K} } } } \right. } {\text{K} } }$	$ {{\Delta {T_1}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta {T_1}} {\text{K}}}} \right. } {\text{K}}} $	$ {{\Delta {T_2}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta {T_2}} {\text{K}}}} \right. } {\text{K}}} $	温降比计算值	温降比理论值
1	304.127	312.46	8.333	65.221	0.127766	0.127758
5	333.099	363.08	29.981	36.249	0.827085	0.827068
10	352.394	396.796	44.402	16.954	2.618969	2.619048
14.2857	362.413	414.302	51.889	6.935	7.482192	7.482961
18.5714	369.347	426.418	57.071	0.001	57071	1459181
22.8571	374.431	435.3	60.869	−5.083	−11.975	−11.9729
40	385.922	455.378	69.456	−16.574	−4.19066	−4.19048
100	397.746	476.037	78.291	−28.398	−2.75692	−2.75689
1000	406.403	491.164	84.761	−37.055	−2.28744	−2.28738
10000	407.348	492.815	85.467	−38	−2.24913	−2.24907
100000	407.443	492.982	85.539	−38.095	−2.24541	−2.24531

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