Study on pressure control characteristics of cryogenic propellant tank based on active and passive TVS technology
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摘要:
为研究主被动热力学排气技术在低温贮箱压力控制方面的特性，搭建了集成主被动热力学排气系统的低温试验平台，开展了被动热力学排气（PTVS）控压、混合控压以及主动热力学排气（ATVS）等模式，贮箱加热分为0、40 W和80 W工况下的液氮贮箱压力控制正交测试，并进行了持续时间10 h的长耗时低温贮箱控压过程测试。试验结果表明：控压循环时间随着加热功率的增加而减少，控压循环频率更高；输入功率不变时，PTVS单次循环控压时间最长，混合控压单次循环时间最短。混合与ATVS结合的低温贮箱控压方法在近10 h的测试过程中运行稳定，将贮箱压力控制在预定区间内。节流制冷量的输入削弱了外界漏热的影响，液相升温速率逐渐降低趋于平缓，液相温度最终接近热分层处流体温度。
Abstract:Active and passive thermodynamic venting technology has advantages in pressure control of cryogenic propellant tank. Researchers carried out a lot of theoretical and experiment analysis work in active thermodynamic venting technology. In order to study the characteristics of pressure control by active and passive thermodynamic venting technology in cryogenic tank, a cryogenic experiment platform integrating active and passive thermodynamic venting system was built, and pressure control experiments of passive thermodynamic venting system (PTVS), mixed and active thermodynamic venting system (ATVS) modes were carried out. The cryogenic tank heating power was divided into orthogonal experiment under 0 W, 40 W and 80 W working conditions, and a long time-consuming pressure control experiment with duration of 10 h was carried out. The experiment results showed that the pressure control cycle time decreased with the increase of heating power, and the pressure control cycle frequency was higher; when the input power was kept unchanged, the single cycle pressure control time of PTVS mode was the longest, and the single cycle time of mixed mode pressure control was the shortest. The pressure control method combined with mixed and ATVS operated stably during the nearly 10 h experiment process, the tank pressure was controlled within the predetermined range. The input of throttling refrigeration capacity weakened the influence of external heat leakage, the temperature rising rate of liquid phase gradually decreased and tended to be flat, and the liquid phase temperature was finally close to the fluid temperature at the thermal stratification.
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图 2 低温贮箱控压试验系统示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of pressure control experiment system for cryogenic tank
图 3 多功能集成低温试验平台
Figure 3. Multifunctional integrated low temperature experiment platform
图 5 PTVS控压测试压力曲线（P=40 W，80 W）
Figure 5. Pressure curve under PTVS experiment （P=40 W，80 W）
图 7 混合控压测试压力曲线（ P=40 W，80 W）
Figure 7. Pressure curve under mixing experiment（P=40 W，80 W）
图 9 ATVS控压测试压力曲线（ P=40 W，80 W）
Figure 9. Pressure curve under ATVS experiment（P=40 W，80 W）
图 10 液氮工质的低温贮箱10 h控压过程压力曲线
Figure 10. Pressure curve in the 10 h experiment with LN2 as the working medium in cryogenic tank
图 11 液氮工质的低温贮箱10 h控压过程温度曲线
Figure 11. Curve of temperature change in the 10 h experiment of pressure control with LN2 as the working medium in cryogenic tank
表 1 不同模式单次控压循环时间对比
Table 1. Comparison of pressure control time in single cycle time of different modes
控压方式 加热功率/W tmax/tmin 0 40 80 PTVS控压 7072 s4351 s3751 s1.89 混合控压 389 s 299 s 212 s 1.83 ATVS控压 2297 s2000 s1837 s1.25 
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