Notched fatigue strength prediction of SiCp/Al composites based on the three-dimensional space vector stress field intensity method
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摘要:
为了考虑应力梯度对SiCp/Al复合材料结构疲劳强度的影响，基于三维空间矢量应力场强法和光滑件疲劳强度，发展了一种SiCp/Al复合材料缺口疲劳强度预测方法，其中三维空间矢量应力场强法计算中分别应用了经典一维应力场强与有效距离点应力场强的等效应力积分形式，避免了构建三维权函数和人为确定疲劳损伤区域。采用升降法制定了SiCp/2009Al复合材料光滑件疲劳试验方案，获得了SiCp/2009Al复合材料107循环周次对应的轴向（
R =−1）疲劳强度为180.91 MPa，并以散点法开展疲劳试验获得了SiCp/2009Al疲劳寿命分布，光滑件疲劳试验结果显示SiCp/2009Al复合材料应力-寿命关系存在明显的平台区。采用逐级加载法开展了SiCp/2009Al复合材料缺口件轴向（R =−1）疲劳试验，获得了缺口件的疲劳强度为82.2 MPa。缺口件疲劳强度预测结果与试验结果吻合较好，最大误差在10%以内，其中基于有效距离点应力场强的三维空间矢量应力场强法建立的SiCp/Al复合材料缺口疲劳强度预测方法预测精度更高。-
关键词:
- SiCp/Al复合材料 /
- 疲劳强度 /
- 缺口疲劳 /
- 三维应力场强 /
- 高周疲劳试验
Abstract:In order to consider the influence of stress gradient on the fatigue strength of SiCp/Al composite structure, a notched fatigue strength prediction method of SiCp/Al composite was developed based on the three-dimensional space vector stress field intensity method (TSVFM) and the fatigue strength of smooth specimen. In the TSVFM, the equivalent stress integral forms of classic one-dimensional stress field intensity method and effective distance point stress field intensity method were applied respectively, which avoided the construction of three-dimensional weight function and artificial determination of fatigue damage region. The fatigue test scheme of SiCp/2009Al composite smooth specimen was determined by up-and-down method, and the axial (
R =−1) fatigue strength corresponding to 107 cycles of SiCp/2009Al composite was 180.91 MPa. The fatigue life distribution of SiCp/2009Al was obtained by the scattered point method. The fatigue test results of smooth specimen showed that there was an obvious platform area in the stress-life relationship of SiCp/2009Al composite. The axial (R =−1) fatigue test of notched specimen of SiCp/2009Al composite was carried out by step-by-step loading method, and the fatigue strength of notched specimen was 82.2 MPa. The fatigue strength prediction results of notched specimen were in good agreement with the test results, and the maximum error was within 10%. The notched fatigue strength prediction method of SiCp/Al composites based on the ETSVFM was better than the CTSVFM. -
图 2 缺口疲劳试件尺寸图（单位：mm）
Figure 2. Dimension drawing of notched fatigue specimen （unit: mm）
图 5 主计算方向与其余计算方向夹角示意图
Figure 5. Sketch of angles between main calculation direction and other calculation directions
图 6 SiCp/2009Al缺口疲劳强度预测方法流程
Figure 6. Process of SiCp/2009Al notched fatigue strength prediction method
图 7 三维矢量空间应力场强法计算域示意图
Figure 7. Sketch of calculation region of three-dimensional vector space stress field intensity method
图 11 已知节点及计算方向分布图示
Figure 11. Sketch of the distribution of known nodes and calculation directions
图 12 主计算方向的应力及相对应力梯度
Figure 12. Stress and relative stress gradient in main calculation direction
图 13 计算方向
$\langle $ 0.2867, –2.8241, 0.6326$\rangle $ 的应力及相对应力梯度分布Figure 13. Stress and relative stress gradient in calculation direction
$\langle $ 0.2867, –2.8241, 0.6326$\rangle $ 屈服强度$ {\sigma }_{ {\rm{s} } } $/MPa 抗拉强度${\sigma }_{{\rm{b}}}$/MPa 弹性模量E/GPa 419.2 541.5 103.8 
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表 2 升降法试验数据
Table 2. Test results measured by up-and-down method
应力Si/MPa 试样系列号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 220 × × 200 × × ○ ○ × 180 ○ ○ ○ × 160 ○ 140 注：○表示通过；×表示失效。
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表 4 缺口件疲劳强度试验结果
Table 4. Fatigue strength test results of notched specimens
编号 加载级数 ${{\sigma } }_{\rm{f} }$/MPa ${{N} }_{\rm{f} }$/107 ${ {\sigma } }_{\rm{es} }$/MPa V1 2 83 0.986 80.30 V2 4 86 0.717 83.33 V3 6 80 0.352 78.06 V4 8 89 0.367 87.10 均值 82.20
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表 5 缺口试件疲劳强度预测结果
Table 5. Fatigue strength prediction results of notched specimen
参数 试验值 基于经典一维的
三维空间矢量
应力场强法基于有效距离点的
三维空间矢量
应力场强法疲劳强度/MPa 82.20 86.74 82.16 误差/% 5.52 0.05
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