航空重油活塞发动机技术难点与发展启示

赵振峰; 王蕾

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220347

航空重油活塞发动机技术难点与发展启示

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220347

赵振峰,
王蕾

北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081

基金项目: 基础产品创新计划（DEDP-145DRCD）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵振峰（1974-），男，副教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事航空活塞式发动机技术、新型动力机械总体技术及理论等研究

中图分类号: V234；TK46
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-07

Technical difficulties and development enlightenment of aviation heavy fuel piston engine

School of Mechanical Engineering，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China

摘要

摘要:
在分析国内外航空重油活塞发动机发展现状的基础上，对现有成熟机型进行对比分析，获得了不同功率级别航空重油活塞发动机的核心技术指标，提出我国发展航空活塞发动机重油化和国产化的重要意义。按照功率级别分析了航空重油活塞发动机发展的技术途径，总结了高功质比航空重油活塞发动机面临的技术难点，提出了点燃式航空重油活塞发动机的关键技术，即重油燃料的快速雾化技术、快速冷起动技术、爆震抑制技术以及高空增压功率恢复技术，突破以上关键技术将对航空重油活塞发动机技术的发展具有重要意义。
- 航空重油 /
- 活塞发动机 /
- 高功质比 /
- 技术难点 /
- 发展启示
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the development status of aviation heavy fuel piston engines at home and abroad, the core technical indexes of engines with different power levels were obtained by comparing and analyzing the existing mature models, and the important significance of developing aviation heavy fuel piston engines in China was put forward. According to the power level, the technical path of the development of aviation heavy fuel piston engine was analyzed, the technical difficulties faced by the heavy fuel engine with high power-to-weight ratio were summarized, and the key technologies of the spark-ignition aviation heavy fuel piston engine, namely, the rapid atomization technology, the rapid cold start technology, the knock suppression technology and the high-altitude supercharging power recovery technology of heavy fuel, were presented. A breakthrough over the above key technologies will be of great significance to the development of aviation heavy fuel piston engine technology.
- aviation heavy fuel /
- piston engine /
- high power-to-weight ratio /
- technical difficulties /
- development enlightenment

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图 1 无人机动力类型划分

Figure 1. Division of unmanned aerial vehicle power type

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图 2 XRDi 公司系列化机型

Figure 2. Seriation engines of XRDi

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图 3 AKE-01 点燃式航空重油活塞发动机

Figure 3. AKE-01 spark-ignition aviation heavy fuel piston engine

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图 4 航空重油活塞发动机发展路线与技术途径

Figure 4. Development route and technical approach of aviation heavy fuel piston engine

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图 5 航空重油活塞发动机功率-功质比示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of power-to-weight ratio of aviation heavy fuel piston engine

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图 6 航空重油技术难点

Figure 6. Technical difficulties of aviation heavy fuel

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图 7 空气辅助喷射系统结构图

Figure 7. Structure of air assistant direct injection system

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图 8 北京理工大学低压空气辅助喷射系统结构图

Figure 8. Structure of assistant direct injection system of Beijing University of Technology

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图 9 北京理工大学点燃式重油发动机燃烧系统匹配设计理念

Figure 9. Matching design concept of spark-ignition heavy fuel engine combustion system of Beijing University of Technology

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图 10 北京理工大学排气谐振+涡轮增压技术设计理念

Figure 10. Design concept of exhaust resonance + turbocharging technology of Beijing University of Technology

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表 1 国外小功率（小于50 kW）级别航空重油活塞发动机主要参数

Table 1. Main parameters of low-power （less than 50 kW） aviation heavy fuel piston engine in foreign

参数	数值及说明
发动机名称	3W 28i	200cc	400cc	SwRI 50hp	3503HF
研究机构	德国3W	美国XRDi	美国XRDi	美国SwRI	德国Hirth
功率/kW	2	12.5	26	26	44
质量/kg	1.8	9	15	27	57
功质比	1.1	1.38	1.73	0.96	0.77
排量/mL	28	200	400	544	627
油耗/（g/（kW·h））	440	380	380	420	390
点火方式	点燃	点燃	点燃	点燃	点燃
冲程数	二冲程	二冲程	二冲程	二冲程	二冲程
结构形式	单缸	对置两缸	对置两缸	直列两缸	直列两缸

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表 2 国外中等功率（50～150 kW）级别航空重油活塞发动机主要参数

Table 2. Main parameters of medium-power （50−150 kW） aviation heavy fuel piston engine in foreign

参数	数值及说明
发动机名称	800cc	MAW120	Centurion 2.0	DH4-160H	AE300
研究机构	美国XRDi	美国Wilksch	德国Thielert	美国Deltahawk	奥地利Austro
功率/kW	60	90	100	120	123.5
质量/kg	48	100	134	143	185
功质比	1.25	0.9	0.75	0.84	0.67
排量/mL	800	1200	1900	3200	1900
油耗/（g/（kW·h））	380	300	220	240	220
点火方式	点燃	压燃	压燃	压燃	压燃
冲程数	二冲程	二冲程	四冲程	二冲程	四冲程
结构形式	对置四缸	直列三缸	直列四缸	V型四缸	直列四缸

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表 3 国外大功率（大于150 kW）级别航空重油活塞发动机主要参数

Table 3. Main parameters of high-power （more than 150 kW） aviation heavy fuel piston engine in foreign

参数	数值及说明
发动机名称	SR 305-230	Centurion 4.0
研究机构	法国SMA	德国Thielert
功率/kW	169	257
质量/kg	200	272
功质比	0.85	0.94
排量/mL	5000	3996
油耗/（g/（kW·h））	265	230
点火方式	压燃	压燃
冲程数	四冲程	四冲程
结构形式	对置四缸	V型八缸

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表 4 国内航空重油活塞发动机主要参数

Table 4. Main parameters of aviation heavy fuel piston engine in domestic

参数	数值及说明
发动机名称	蜂鸟^[14]	黄莺^[14]	C12H^[15]	云雀^[15]	AEC2.0^[16]
研究机构	安徽航瑞	安徽航瑞	重庆宗申	安徽航瑞	芜湖钻石
功率/kW	5	10	11	120	123.5
质量/kg	5.1	8.6	5	112	185
功质比	1.02	1.16	2.2	1.07	0.67
排量/mL			170		2000
油耗/（g/（kW·h））	280	270	280	220	220
点火方式	压燃	压燃	点燃	压燃	压燃
冲程数	二冲程	二冲程	二冲程	四冲程	四冲程
结构形式	对置两缸	对置四缸	对置两缸	对置四缸	直列四缸

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