内壁结构对气体中心式同轴离心喷嘴喷雾特性影响

高玉超; 楚威; 苏凌宇; 姜传金; 谢远; 仝毅恒

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220360

内壁结构对气体中心式同轴离心喷嘴喷雾特性影响

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220360

航天工程大学宇航科学与技术系，北京 101416

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12002386）

详细信息

作者简介:
高玉超（1996-），男，硕士生，研究方向为液体火箭发动机喷雾与燃烧

通讯作者:
仝毅恒（1987-），男，讲师，博士，研究方向为液体火箭发动机喷雾与燃烧。E-mail：yiheng_tong@sina.com

中图分类号: V231
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-25

Gas-centered swirl coaxial injectors spray with variable inner wall structures

Department of Aerospace Science and Technology，Space Engineering University，Beijing 101416，China

摘要

摘要:
通过改变气体中心式同轴离心喷嘴的气喷嘴内壁结构，分别对平滑内壁（A）、内壁加凹腔（B）和内壁加凸起（C）的3种喷嘴的喷雾特性进行了实验观测，同时为分析气喷嘴内壁结构改变引起的流场变化，在不考虑液相的情况下对纯气相流场进行了三维模拟研究。结果表明：3种喷嘴的雾化锥角均随气体质量流率的增加而减小，随液体质量流率的增加而增大。气喷嘴内壁加凹腔，对喷嘴的雾化锥角、破碎长度以及自激振荡频率几乎没有影响；而气喷嘴内壁加凸起则对喷雾特性有显著影响。相同工况下，内壁加凸起会使气喷嘴出口的引射作用增强，雾化锥角减小，同时气液间更强的相互作用使喷雾破碎长度随之减小。喷雾自激振荡发生时，内壁凸起亦会导致喷雾自激振荡频率随之增大。3种喷嘴的自激振荡频率均随气体质量流率的增加而增大，并对3种喷嘴的喷雾自激振荡诱发及维持机理进行了分析。通过实验探究了不同凹腔、凸起大小对喷雾特性的影响，对于B喷嘴，其喷雾的雾化锥角、破碎长度几乎一致，自激振荡频率亦差别不大；C喷嘴的雾化锥角、破碎长度均小于B喷嘴，且随凸起的增大而减小，而自激振荡频率均大于B喷嘴，且随凸起的增大而增大。
- 气体中心式同轴离心喷嘴 /
- 凹腔 /
- 凸起 /
- 雾化锥角 /
- 破碎长度 /
- 自激振荡
Abstract:
The spray characteristics of gas-centered swirl coaxial injectors in three structures of the gas injector, namely, the smooth inner wall (A), inner wall with concave cavities (B), and inner wall with projections (C), were examined by experiments. At the same time, in order to analyze the change of flow field caused by the change of the inner wall structures of the gas injectors, the pure gas flow field was simulated without considering the liquid phase. The results demonstrated that the spray angles of the three injectors increased with the gas mass flow rate, but decreased with the liquid mass flow rate. Adding a concave cavity to the inner wall of gas injector had little effect on spray angle, breakup length and self-pulsation frequency of the injector. But inner wall with projections of gas injector had a significant effect on spray characteristics. Under the same working conditions, the inner wall with projections could enhance the ejection effect of the gas injector outlet, decrease the spray angle, and the stronger gas-liquid interaction could reduce the breakup length. When the self-pulsation occurred, the inner wall with projections also increased the frequency of self-pulsation. The self-pulsation frequency of the three injectors increased with gas mass flow rate, and the induction and maintenance mechanisms of the self-pulsation of the three injectors were analyzed. The effects of different concave cavity sizes and projection sizes on spray characteristics were investigated through experiments. For injector B, the spray angle, breakup length and self-pulsation of the spray were almost the same. The spray angle and breakup length of injector C were smaller than those of injector B, and decreased with the size of projection, while the self-pulsation frequency was larger than that of injector B, and increased with the size of projection.
- gas-centered swirl coaxial injector /
- concave cavities /
- projections /
- spray angle /
- breakup length /
- self-pulsation

HTML

图 1 喷雾实验系统示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of the spraying experimental system

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图 2 GCSC喷嘴结构示意图

Figure 2. Structural diagram of the GCSC injector

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图 3 3种气喷嘴结构示意图

Figure 3. Structural diagram of three gas injectors

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图 4 雾化锥角的提取

Figure 4. Extraction of spray angle

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图 5 破碎长度的提取

Figure 5. Extraction of breakup length

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图 6 自激振荡频率提取

Figure 6. Extraction of self-pulsation frequency

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图 7 计算域、网格及边界条件

Figure 7. Compute domains, grids, and boundary conditions

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图 8 网格无关性检验

Figure 8. Validation of grid independent

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图 9 A、B2、C2三种结构气喷嘴雾化锥角变化示意图

Figure 9. Structural diagram of the changed spray angle in gas-injectors A, B2 and C2

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图 10 $ \dot{m} $_g=6 g/s时气相流场Y向速度云图

Figure 10. Y-velocity contours of gas flow field at $ \dot{m} $_g=6 g/s

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图 11 $\dot{m}_{\rm{g}}$=6 g/s时气相流场Z向速度云图和流线图

Figure 11. Streamtraces and Z velocity contours of gas flow field at $ \dot{m}_{\rm{g}} $=6 g/s

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图 12 $ \dot{m} $_g=6 g/s时破碎长度对比

Figure 12. Comparison of breakup length at $ \dot{m} $_g=6 g/s

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图 13 3种气喷嘴结构自激振荡频率和振幅对比

Figure 13. Comparison of self-pulsation frequency and amplitude in the three structures of gas injectors

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图 14 $ \dot{m} $_l=40 g/s，$ \dot{m}_{\rm{g}} $=6 g/s时A、B2、C2三种喷嘴喷雾POD

Figure 14. POD decomposition of injectors A, B2, C2 at $ \dot{m} $_l=40 g/s，$ \dot{m}_{\rm{g}} $=6 g/s

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图 15 3种不同气喷嘴组合的一个周期喷雾自激振荡图像

Figure 15. Self-pulsation images of one cycle for three different gas injectors

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图 16 喷嘴自激振荡原理示意图

Figure 16. Schematic of injector self-pulsation principle

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图 17 不同凹腔、凸起大小对喷雾特性的影响规律

Figure 17. Influence of different concave cavities and projections sizes on spray characteristics

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图 18 $ \dot{m} $_l=50 g/s时A、C1、C2、C3喷雾图像对比

Figure 18. Spray images of injectors A, C1, C2 and C3 at $ \dot{m} $_l=50 g/s

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图 19 C1、C2、C3喷嘴气相流场Y向速度云图

Figure 19. Y velocity contours of gas flow field for injectors C1, C2 and C3

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表 1 喷嘴尺寸参数

Table 1. Geometrical parameters of injector

参数	数值
外喷嘴切向孔个数n	8.0
外喷嘴内径d_o/mm	10.0
内喷嘴内径d_g/mm	6.0
切向孔与中心孔的距离R_t/mm	9.7
切向孔直径t/mm	0.6
内喷嘴外径d_t/mm	8.8
l₁/mm	2.0
l₂/mm	0.8
l₃/mm	0.2、0.6、1.0
l₄/mm	2.0
l₅/mm	0.8
l₆/mm	0.2、0.6、1.0

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表 2 实验工况

Table 2. Working conditions of experiments

参数	氧化剂	燃料
模拟介质	空气	过滤水
喷注压降/MPa	0.012～0.045 （A喷嘴）	0.180～1.230
质量流率$ / $（g/s）	4～8	30～80

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