Experiment on high-speed sand continuous erosion characteristics of CCF300/QY9511 composite laminates
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摘要:
针对CCF300/QY9511碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料层合板开展了连续冲蚀试验，研究了不同冲蚀条件下的质量冲蚀率和损伤规律。结果表明：随着冲蚀角度和供砂率的增加，质量冲蚀率先增加后减少，并在60°左右出现峰值冲蚀率；冲蚀率随冲蚀速度的增加而增加；复合材料表面铺设平纹布可增强复合材料抗低速冲蚀的能力，但增强效果在高速冲蚀时不明显；复合材料主要冲蚀机制为微裂纹的产生、纤维的断裂、纤维-基体脱黏以及基体变形。该研究明晰了双马树脂基复合材料层合板材料的去除机理及损伤变化规律，为后续航空复合材料结构抗冲蚀研究奠定了基础。
Abstract:Continuous erosion test was carried out for the CCF300/QY9511 carbon fiber/ bismaleimide resin composite laminate, and the mass erosion rate and damage law under different erosion conditions were studied. It was found that the mass erosion first increased and then decreased with the increase of the erosion angle. The peak erosion rate appeared around the erosion angle of 60°. The erosion rate increased with the increase of the erosion rate, while it first increased and then decreased with the increase of the sand supply rate. Laying plain weave cloth on the surface of the composite laminates could enhance the ability of the composite material to resist low-speed erosion. However, the improvement effect under high-speed erosion was not obvious. The main erosion mechanisms of composite materials accounted for the generation of micro-cracks, fiber breakage, fiber-matrix debonding, and matrix deformation. The research clarified the removal mechanism and damage change law of composite laminates, laying a foundation for subsequent research on erosion resistance of composite materials.
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Key words:
- composite laminates /
- bismaleimide resin /
- sand erosion /
- damage mechanism /
- continuous erosion
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图 3 复合材料试验件装夹示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the clamping of the composite testing specimen
图 4 多颗砂粒撞击试件表面过程
Figure 4. Process of multiple sand particles impacting the surface of the specimen
图 5 不同压力下砂粒冲蚀速度分布图
Figure 5. Distribution of sand erosion velocity under different pressures
图 6 供气压力与砂粒平均冲蚀速度关系
Figure 6. Relationship between air supply pressure and erosion rate
图 9 冲蚀率随设备供砂率的变化曲线
Figure 9. Variation curve of erosion rate with sand supply rate of equipment
图 10 有/无平纹布增强表面复合材料冲蚀结果
Figure 10. Erosion results of composites with and without plain weave reinforced surface
图 11 不同角度冲蚀后的表面宏观形貌
Figure 11. Macroscopic topography of the surface after erosion at different angles
图 12 不同冲蚀速度下复合材料宏观损伤形貌
Figure 12. Macroscopic damage morphology of composites at different erosion rates
图 13 复合材料微观损伤观测面示意图
Figure 13. Schematic diagram of the microscopic damage observation surface of the composite material
图 14 不同冲蚀角度下复合材料微观损伤侧面观测结果
Figure 14. Lateral observation results of microscopic damage of composite materials under different erosion angles
图 15 不同冲蚀角度下复合材料微观损伤正面观测结果
Figure 15. Frontal observation results of microscopic damage of composite materials under different erosion angles
图 16 不同冲蚀速度复合材料微观损伤形貌比对
Figure 16. Comparison of microscopic damage morphologies of composites with different erosion rates
图 17 有/无平纹布增强复合材料冲蚀微观损伤对比
Figure 17. Comparison of erosion micro-damage of composites with and without plain weave fabric
表 1 试验用砂粒的粒径占比
Table 1. Proportion of the particle size of the sand used in the test
粒径范围/μm 质量占比/% 0～75 3～7 0～125 18～22 0～200 46～50 0～400 82～86 0～600 93～97 0～900 98～99 0～1000 100 
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表 2 供气压力与砂粒速度关系
Table 2. Relationship between air pressure and sand velocity
供气压力
p/MPa砂粒速度范围
v/（m/s）砂粒平均速度
$\bar{V} $/（m/s）0.10 70～110 91.3 0.15 70～160 112.4 0.20 70～170 124.3 0.25 90～210 154.4 0.30 120～230 174.8 0.35 170～300 237.6 0.45 230～370 299.0 0.55 260～400 320.1 0.65 280～420 342.8
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表 3 不同冲蚀速度下连续砂冲蚀试验结果
Table 3. Continuous sand erosion test results at different erosion rates
冲蚀角度/（°） 冲蚀速度/（m/s） 冲蚀时间/s 供砂率/（g/s） 冲蚀前质量/g 冲蚀后质量/g 质量冲蚀率/% 平均冲蚀率/% 30 100 20 0.246 3.8255 3.8118 0.278 0.266 3.8172 3.8036 0.276 3.8091 3.7971 0.244 160 20 0.246 3.8978 3.8750 0.463 0.538 3.9219 3.8929 0.589 3.8822 3.8546 0.561 220 20 0.246 3.8256 3.7606 1.321 1.634 3.7800 3.6951 1.726 3.9955 3.9042 1.856 60 100 20 0.246 3.9443 3.9019 0.862 0.796 3.9597 3.9238 0.730 3.9537 3.9146 0.795 160 20 0.246 3.9119 3.8511 1.236 1.099 3.9397 3.8909 0.992 3.9364 3.8838 1.069 220 20 0.246 3.9841 3.8308 3.116 3.846 3.8173 3.5978 4.461 4.0099 3.8151 3.959 90 100 20 0.246 3.9452 3.9117 0.559 0.572 3.9130 3.8855 0.559 3.9578 3.9284 0.598 160 20 0.246 3.9574 3.9056 1.053 1.056 3.9270 3.8730 1.098 3.9096 3.8595 1.018 220 20 0.246 3.8374 3.6884 3.028 3.318 3.9485 3.7751 3.524 3.8342 3.6669 3.400
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表 4 表面铺设平纹布复合材料连续冲砂试验结果
Table 4. Test results of continuous sand erosion of plain weave on the composites surface
冲蚀角度/
（°）冲蚀速度/
（m/s）常规材料
冲蚀率/%表面平纹布材料
冲蚀率/%45 100 0.541 0.444 160 0.756 1.211 220 3.001 3.325 60 100 0.796 0.639 160 1.056 1.68 220 3.846 4.278 90 100 0.559 0.491 160 1.099 1.43 220 3.318 3.886
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表 5 不同冲蚀角度下的复合材料损伤区域尺寸
Table 5. Damage morphology size under different erosion angles
冲蚀角度/（°） 损伤面积/mm2 椭圆长轴/mm 椭圆短轴/mm 30 304.31 27.1 14.34 45 247.09 20.87 15.10 60 193.01 16.50 15.02 75 174.27 15.62 15.04 90 169.32 15.07 14.91
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