Fixed states method of turbofan engine acceleration and deceleration control law design
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摘要:
为便于开展涡扇发动机过渡态控制规律的正向设计，提出了一种基于模型的定状态控制规律设计方法。通过固定发动机加减速过程中的转速状态量，逆向求解满足物理约束条件的最优燃油量，获得发动机最优加减速控制规律。以某涡扇发动机为例，使用该方法基于部件级模型动态仿真分别设计了发动机过渡态开环油气比控制规律与闭环转子加速度控制规律，结果表明：两种控制规律仿真结果基本一致，满足最短加减速时间的要求，发动机高、低压转速仿真曲线与设计状态一致，发动机涡轮出口总温、燃烧室余气系数和喘振裕度等主要参数均未超限，验证了所提出的涡扇发动机加减速控制规律定状态设计方法的正确性和有效性。
Abstract:In order to facilitate the design of the transition state control law of the turbofan engine, a fixed states method based on the model was proposed. In this method, the speed states were fixed during the engine acceleration and deceleration process, and then the optimal fuel meeting the physical constraints was solved reversely. Finally, the optimal acceleration and deceleration control law was built. Using a turbofan engine as an example, the open-loop fuel ratio and closed-loop n-dot control laws were designed by this method based on component level model. The simulation results showed that the results of two control laws were basically consistent, and also compliant with the requirement of minimum acceleration and deceleration time; the simulation of high and low compressor speed was consistent with the design status and the main parameters of engine, such as turbine outlet total temperature, combustor excess air coefficient, surge margin, didn’t exceed the limit. It verified the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed fixed states method of designing turbofan engine acceleration and deceleration control law.
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Key words:
- turbofan engine /
- fixed states method /
- acceleration and deceleration /
- fuel ratio control /
- n-dot
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图 1 双转子混排加力涡扇发动机示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of two-spool turbofan with afterburner
图 2 加减速控制规律设计流程图
Figure 2. Flowchart of designing control law for acceleration and deceleration
图 5 二分法迭代过程（
${n_{\text{h}}}{{ = 80\text{%} }}$ ）Figure 5. Iterative process of dichotomy （
${n_{\text{h}}}{{ = 80\text{%} }}$ ）
图 7 在开环控制规律下发动机加速过程主要参数变化曲线
Figure 7. Change of main parameters during acceleration in open-loop law
表 1 定状态法与过渡态显式算法中的变量设定
Table 1. Set of variables in fixed states method and explicit method
组合 方法 固定参数 初猜变量组 监视参数 （1） 定状态法 $\left[ {{n_{\text{l}}}{\text{,}}{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {n_{\text{h}}}} \right]$ $\left[ {{\pi _{{\text{fan}}}},{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{com}}}}{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{ht}}}}{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{lt}}}}} \right]$ $\alpha {\kern 1pt} ,{T_{ {\text{t6} } } }{\kern 1pt},{S_{ {\text{mf} } } },{\kern 1pt} {S_{ {\text{mc} } } }$ （2） 过渡态显式算法 $\left[ {{n_{\text{l}}}{\text{,}}{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {n_{\text{h}}}{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} \alpha } \right]$ $\left[ {{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{fan}}}},{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{com}}}}{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{ht}}}}{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{lt}}}}} \right]$ $\alpha $ （3） 过渡态显式算法 $\left[ {{n_{\text{l}}}{\text{,}}{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {n_{\text{h}}}{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {T_{{\text{t6}}}}} \right]$ $\left[ {{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{fan}}}},{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{com}}}}{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{ht}}}}{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{lt}}}}} \right]$ ${T_{{\text{t6}}}}$ （4） 过渡态显式算法 $\left[ {{n_{\text{l}}}{\text{,}}{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {n_{\text{h}}}{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{fan}}}}} \right]$ $\left[ {\pi _{ {\text{com} } } }{\kern 1pt},{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{ {\text{ht} } } } {\kern 1pt}, {\kern 1pt}{\pi _{\text{lt} } }{\kern 1pt}, {\kern 1pt}{ {\dot {m} }_{\text{f} } } \right]$ ${S_{ {\text{mf} } } }$ （5） 过渡态显式算法 $\left[ {{n_{\text{l}}}{\text{,}}{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {n_{\text{h}}}{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{{\text{com}}}}} \right]$ $\left[ {\pi _{ {\text{fan} } } }{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{ {\text{ht} } } }{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} {\pi _{ {\text{lt} } } }{\kern 1pt} ,{\kern 1pt} { {\dot {m} }_{\text{f} } } \right]$ ${S_{ {\text{mc} } } }$ 
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