叶顶间隙和减振阻尼台对多级轴流压气机性能影响的数值模拟

陈燕; 滕鑫; 楚武利

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220412

叶顶间隙和减振阻尼台对多级轴流压气机性能影响的数值模拟

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220412

陈燕^{1, 2},
滕鑫¹,
楚武利^{1, 2}

1.
西北工业大学动力与能源学院，西安 710072
2.
西北工业大学陕西省航空动力系统热科学重点实验室，西安 710072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52076179）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈燕（1975-），女，副教授，博士，主要从事航空发动机空气系统和旋转盘腔中的流动换热研究

中图分类号: V231.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-09
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-23

Numerical simulation of effect of tip clearance and vibration damper on performance of multi-stage axial flow compressor

CHEN Yan^{1, 2},
TENG Xin¹,
CHU Wuli^{1, 2}

1.
School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China
2.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Thermal Science in Aero-engine System， Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China

摘要

摘要:
以某多级轴流压气机为研究对象，采用数值模拟的方法研究了叶顶间隙和减振阻尼台对压气机气动性能的影响。研究揭示了叶顶间隙变化对叶顶泄漏流动的影响规律，分析了各级转子叶顶间隙变化对多级轴流压气机性能影响的相对大小。研究发现针对所研究的多级轴流压气机，第5级转子叶顶间隙的变化对压气机性能的影响幅度最大，当叶顶间隙从0.390 mm增加到1.007 mm时，级效率下降了1.72%；而其他级的效率下降幅度较少，最大降幅不超过0.6%。此外，研究了第1级及第5级转子叶片阻尼台对多级压气机性能影响，分析了阻尼台对流场结构及流通能力的影响，揭示了阻尼台影响性能的机理。研究结果表明，当存在阻尼台时，多级轴流压气机的峰值效率、峰值压比以及堵塞质量流量都会下降，其中峰值效率下降了1.6%，峰值压比下降了1.2%，堵塞质量流量下降了1.2%；尤其是第1级和第5级效率明显下降，第1级级效率下降约5.2%，第5级级效率下降约1.6%。在阻尼台存在的地方总压损失大，密流值会降低，流通能力会下降。
- 多级轴流压气机 /
- 叶顶间隙 /
- 减振阻尼台 /
- 气动性能 /
- 流场结构
Abstract:
A multi-stage axial flow compressor was studied by numerical simulation to determine the effect of tip clearance and damper table on its aerodynamic performance. The influence principle of tip clearance change on tip leakage flow was revealed, and the relative magnitude of the influence of rotor tip clearance change on the performance of multi-stage axial compressor was analyzed. It was found that for the studied multi-stage axial flow compressors, the change of the tip clearance of the fifth stage rotor had the largest impact on the compressor performance. Stage efficiency decreased by 1.72% when the tip clearance increased from 0.390 mm to 1.007 mm. There was a maximum reduction of 0.6% in other stages. Furthermore, the first-stage and fifth-stage rotor blade damper tables were investigated for their effects on compressor performance. The influence of the damper table on the flow field structure and flow capacity was analyzed, and the mechanism of the damper table affecting the performance was revealed. The results showed that when there was the damping table, the peak efficiency, peak pressure ratio and choke flow rate of multi-stage axial flow compressor decreased; as the peak efficiency decreased by 1.6%, the peak pressure ratio decreased by 1.2%, and the choke flow decreased by 1.2%. Especially, the efficiency of the first and fifth staged decreased obviously, the efficiency of the first stage decreased by about 5.2%, and that of the fifth stage decreased by about 1.6%. As a result of the damping table, the pressure loss was caused, the density flow and flow capacity decreased.
- multi-stage axial flow compressor /
- tip clearance /
- vibration damper /
- aerodynamic performance /
- flow field structure

HTML

图 1 多级压气机结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of multi-stage compressor structure

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图 2 叶片网格拓扑结构

Figure 2. Blade grid topology structure

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图 3 数值模拟与实验性能曲线比较

Figure 3. Comparison of numerical simulation and experimental performance curves

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图 4 不同叶顶间隙方案的性能曲线对比

Figure 4. Comparison of performance curves of different tip clearance schemes

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图 5 最小间隙方案和最大间隙方案下各级效率对比

Figure 5. Comparison of each stage efficiency between the minimum tip scheme and the maximum tip scheme

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图 6 最小间隙方案和最大间隙方案的叶顶泄漏流线分布对比

Figure 6. Comparison of tip leakage flow line distribution between the minimum tip scheme and the maximum tip scheme

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图 7 最小间隙方案和最大间隙方案的相对马赫数云图对比

Figure 7. Comparison of relative Mach number contour between the minimum tip scheme and the maximum tip scheme

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图 8 阻尼台对多级压气机性能曲线的影响

Figure 8. Influence of damper on performance curve of multi-stage compressor

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图 9 阻尼台对多级压气机的单转子效率和各级效率的影响

Figure 9. Effect of damper on single rotor efficiency and each stage efficiency of multi-stage compressor

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图 10 阻尼台对多级压气机第5级转子叶片吸力面极限流线的影响对比

Figure 10. Comparison of influence of damper on limiting streamline of suction surface of the fifth stage rotor blade of multi-stage compressor

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图 11 五级压气机的熵增分布云图

Figure 11. Contour of entropy generation distribution of five-stage compressor

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图 12 第1级和第5级出口截面周向平均后的总压沿叶高方向的分布

Figure 12. Distribution of total pressure based on circumferential averaging at exit sections of the first and fifth stages along blade height

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图 13 第1级转子和第5级转子出口密流分布云图

Figure 13. Velocity density distribution contours at exit of the first and the fifth rotors

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表 1 压气机的相关设计参数

Table 1. Relevant design parameters of compressor

参数	数值
设计转速/（r/min）	8000
总压比	2.95
第1级压比	1.29
第2级压比	1.30
第3级压比	1.21
第4级压比	1.22
第5级压比	1.20
R1进口马赫数	1.20
R1轮毂比	0.30

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表 2 不同方案下各级转子相对和绝对叶顶间隙数值

Table 2. Values of absolute and relative rotor tip clearances at all stages under different schemes

转子级数	叶顶间隙最小值		叶顶间隙最大值		叶顶间隙中间值
转子级数	相对值/%	绝对值/mm	相对值/%	绝对值/mm	相对值/%	绝对值/mm
第1级	0.30	0.846	0. 45	1.292	0. 39	1.092
第2级	0.42	0.996	0.63	1.492	0.54	1.292
第3级	0.40	0.778	0.70	1.374	0.60	1.174
第4级	0.48	0.826	0.87	1.510	0.75	1.310
第5级	0.26	0.390	0.79	1.207	0.66	1.007

下载: 导出CSV

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