基于激光加热的各向异性材料导热系数瞬态测试分析

郑宁悦; 陈学; 孙创; 夏新林

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220425

基于激光加热的各向异性材料导热系数瞬态测试分析

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220425

哈尔滨工业大学能源科学与工程学院，哈尔滨 150001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51806046）；黑龙江省博士后资助（LBH-Z18081）

详细信息

作者简介:
郑宁悦（1998-），女，硕士生，主要从事高温热防护结构的传热特性研究。E-mail：NingyZheng@163.com

通讯作者:
陈学（1985-），男，讲师，博士，主要从事高温耦合传热和红外辐射传输研究。E-mail：hit_chenxue@hit.edu.cn

中图分类号: V19；TK124
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-01

Analysis on transient test of thermal conductivity of anisotropic materials based on laser heating

School of Energy Science and Engineering，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China

摘要

摘要:
针对激光加热试样的瞬态过程，建立各向异性材料的传热模型，讨论不同激光功率及试样厚度下，加热时长、光斑直径等参数对典型材料温升的影响，通过分析确定激光参数及样件尺寸的合理范围。进一步，结合基于温升的导热系数反演辨识模型，对该瞬态测试方法的敏感性及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：不考虑实验中温度测试误差时，对导热系数、加热功率及表面发射率同时反演辨识，反演偏差均小于2%。而在实际测试过程中，初始温度场均匀性和发射率的影响较大。当测试温度800 K、测温误差为1%时，导热系数反演精度高（小于2%），表面发射率偏差较大。而当材料发射率已知，材料初始温度场非均匀性为0.13%时，对导热系数及初始温度场修正系数同时反演，轴向及径向导热系数的反演偏差可明显降低。
- 各向异性材料 /
- 导热系数 /
- 激光激励 /
- 粒子群算法 /
- 瞬态测试
Abstract:
Considering the transient process of laser heating sample, the heat transfer model of anisotropic material was established. The influences of heating time, spot diameter and other parameters on the temperature rise of typical materials under different laser power and sample thickness were discussed. The reasonable range of laser parameters and sample size was determined by analysis. Furthermore, the sensitivity and influencing factors of the transient test method were analyzed by combining the identification model of thermal conductivity inversion based on temperature rise. The results showed that the inversion errors of thermal conductivity, heating power and surface emissivity were less than 2% without considering the temperature test error in the experiment. In the actual test process, the initial temperature field uniformity and emissivity had a greater impact. When the test temperature was 800 K and the error was 1%, the inversion accuracy of thermal conductivity was high ( less than 2% ) and the deviation of surface emissivity was large. When the emissivity of material was obtained and the non-uniformity of initial temperature field was 0.13%, the deviations of axial and radial thermal conductivity can be reduced obviously by simultaneous inversion of thermal conductivity and correction coefficient of initial temperature field.
- anisotropic materials /
- thermal conductivity /
- laser excitation /
- particle swarm algorithms /
- transient tests

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图 1 测试方法主要流程图

Figure 1. Flow chart of test analysis method

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图 2 圆柱形试样二维轴对称传热模型

Figure 2. Two-dimensional axisymmetric heat transfer model of cylindrical specimen

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图 3 粒子群算法流程示意图

Figure 3. Flow diagram of particle swarm algorithms

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图 4 数值方法验证结果示意图

Figure 4. Diagram of numerical method verification results

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图 5 激光功率不同时材料表面的最大温升云图

Figure 5. The maximum temperature rise of the material surface at different laser power

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图 6 试样厚度不同时材料表面的最大温升云图

Figure 6. Maximum temperature rise of the material surface with different sample thicknesses

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图 7 待辨识参数的灵敏度曲线

Figure 7. Sensitivity curve of parameters to be identified

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图 8 反演最优解对应温度场偏差示意图

Figure 8. Inverted optimal solution corresponding to temperature field deviation diagram

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表 1 材料的基本热物性参数表^[33-35]

Table 1. Basic thermophysical parameters of materials^[33-35]

材料	λ_z/ （W/（m·K））	λ_r/ （W/（m·K））	ε₁	c/ （J/（kg·K））	ρ/ （kg/m³）
1	1.94	16.10	0.86	1178.00	2239.00
2	7.81	2.00	0.86	800.00	1770.00
3	0.80	0.40	0.86	661.03	1806.44

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表 2 不同激光功率下不同材料的最大温升和ξ_l

Table 2. Maximum temperature rise and ξ_l of different materials under different laser power

材料	最大温升/K		ξ_l/%		∆ξ_l/%
材料	q_s=1	q_s=0.8	q_s=1	q_s=0.8	∆ξ_l/%
1	20.97	16.77	72.94	83.13	10.19
2	27.82	22.26	66.36	76.12	9.76
3	148.77	119.65	4.33	9.80	5.47

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表 3 不同试样厚度下不同材料的最大温升和ξ_l

Table 3. Maximum temperature rise and ξ_l of different materials under different sample thickness

材料	最大温升/ K		ξ_l/%		∆ξ_l/%
材料	H=5 mm	H=15 mm	H=5 mm	H=15 mm	∆ξ_l/%
1	20.99	20.92	72.54	73.17	0.63
2	33.75	27.19	53.76	67.48	13.72
3	151.86	145.88	2.11	6.09	3.98

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表 4 测温点坐标

Table 4. Coordinates of temperature measuring points

测温点	（r, z）/mm	测温点	（r, z）/mm
1	（12, 10）	4	（0, 0）
2	（14, 10）	5	（5, 0）
3	（16, 10）	6	（10, 0）

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表 5 反演结果及误差

Table 5. Inversion results and errors

参数	真实值	反演结果	误差/%
λ_z/（W/（m·K））	7.81	7.72	1.15
λ_r/（W/（m·K））	2.00	1.99	0.50
ε₁	0.86	0.87	1.16
q_s/W	5.00	5.01	0.20

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表 6 考虑测温偏差后的反演结果及误差

Table 6. Inversion results and errors considering temperature deviation

参数	真实值	反演结果		误差/%
参数	真实值	发射率未知	发射率已知	发射率未知	发射率已知
λ_z/（W/（m·K））	7.81	7.90	7.78	1.15	0.38
λ_r/（W/（m·K））	2.00	2.01	2.01	0.50	0.50
ε₁	0.86	0.72		16.28
q_s/W	5.00	4.99	5.02	0.20	0.40

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表 7 考虑初始温度场非均匀的反演结果及误差

Table 7. Inversion results and errors considering inhomogeneous initial temperature field

参数	真值	反演结果		误差/%
参数	真值	初始温度场未修正	初始温度场已修正	初始温度场未修正	初始温度场已修正
λ_z/（W/（m·K））	7.81	10.80	8.47	38.28	8.45
λ_r/（W/（m·K））	2.00	1.49	1.93	25.50	3.50
q_s/W	5.00	3.79	4.83	24.20	3.40

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