Effects of measuring rakes on airflow measurements in flow pipe by area-integrated method
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摘要:
对采用面积积分法测量航空发动机空气流量的流量管三维流场进行数值模拟，分析不同雷诺数下测量耙测点径向分布、轴向位置、测量耙尺寸、总压耙及总温耙和静压测点的相对位置等对面积积分法流量测量的影响。结果表明：高精度的测量流量的面积积分法，理论上要求测试布局能全面准确反映整个测量截面上的流场信息，尤其是流量管环壁附面层内应尽可能多地布置测点。但太多的测点可能使测量耙数量过多、尺寸过大，这样会对流量管内流场产生较大干扰，反而降低流量测量精度。在现行的等环面测点布置方案基础上，适当减少主流区的测点，不会改变流量测量误差，这样能缩短测量耙的尺寸，降低测量耙的堵塞比，减少测量耙的气动力，并明显降低测试成本。但需要检查等环面截短方案及流向测量截面位置在流量管全工况范围内的适用性。测量截面越接近测量耙耙体，流量测量相对误差越大，测量耙的长度和高度对流量测量相对误差影响较小，测量耙宽度对流量测量误差影响较大。为减小流量管测量耙的堵塞比，建议总压耙布置在总温耙上游，静压和总压测量截面应布置在同一轴向位置。总温、总压测点的径向布局和测点数，总温、总压测量耙及静压测量截面的轴向位置关系，都会直接影响面积积分法测量流量的误差，在制定测量流量方案时，要格外重视各测量耙的测试布局。
Abstract:The three-dimensional flow field of an aeroengine flow pipe measured by area-integrated method was numerically simulated, and the effects of radial distribution, axial position, rake size, total pressure rake, total temperature rake and static pressure measurement position on the flow measurement by area-integrated method were analyzed under different Reynolds numbers. The results showed that, with the area-integrated method of high precision measurement flow, the measurement layout can completely and accurately reflect the flow field information on the whole measurement section, especially in the boundary layer of the flow pipe ring wall, and the measurement points should be arranged as much as possible. Too many measuring points may result in excessive number and oversize of measuring harrows, causing great interference to the flow field in the flow tube and reducing the flow measurement accuracy. On the basis of the equal torus measuring point layout scheme, the flow measurement error was not be changed if the measuring points in the main flow area were reduced appropriately, thus shortening the size of the measuring harrow, reducing the clogging ratio of the measuring harrow and the aerodynamic force of the measuring harrow, and significantly saving the test cost. However, it is necessary to check the applicability of the equal torus truncation scheme and the axial measurement section position in the whole working range of the flow pipe. The closer the measuring section to the rake body indicated the greater the relative error of flow measurement. The length and height of rake had little influence on the relative error of the flow measurement, but the width of the rake had great influence on the relative error of the flow measurement. In order to reduce the clogging ratio of the measuring rake of flow pipe, it is recommended that the total pressure rake should be arranged in the upstream of total temperature rake, and the measuring section of static pressure and total pressure should be arranged in the same axial position. The radial layout and number of total temperature or total pressure measuring points, the axial position of total temperature rake or total pressure rake and static pressure measuring section directly affected the error of measuring flow by area-integrated method. Special attention should be paid to the test layout of each rake when flow testing scheme was made.
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Key words:
- area-integrated method /
- flow pipe /
- measuring rake /
- arrangement of measuring point /
- uncertainty
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图 2 流量管段插入1支测量耙结构示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a measuring rake inserted into the flow pipe section
图 4 流量管内未插入测量耙时网格无关性验证
Figure 4. Grid independence verification when no measuring harrow is inserted into flow pipe
图 5 流量管内插入1支测量耙时网格无关性验证
Figure 5. Grid independence verification when a measuring harrow is inserted into the flow pipe
图 6 流量管数值模拟结果和试验结果比对
Figure 6. Comparison between numerical and test results in a flow pipe
图 7 不同等环面测量方案流量测量相对误差
Figure 7. Flow measuring errors using different measurement schemes
图 8 X/D=1.47轴向截面总压径向分布
Figure 8. Radial distribution of total pressure in X/D=1.47 axial section
图 9 X/D=1.47轴向截面总温径向分布
Figure 9. Radial distribution of total temperature in X/D=1.47 axial section
图 10 15点等环面不同截短方案流量测量相对误差
Figure 10. Measuring errors using 15 point truncation scheme at different Reynolds numbers
图 11 附面层边界和15-12点截短方案各环面测点位置Fig.11 Boundary of boundary layer and locations of measuring points using15-12 point truncation scheme
图 12 径向3点不同截短方案下流量测量相对误差
Figure 12. Measuring errors using 3 point radial distribution
图 13 不同雷诺数下9-6点截短方案流量测量相对误差
Figure 13. Measuring errors using 9-6 point truncation scheme at different Reynolds numbers
图 14 不同雷诺数下11-8点截短方案流量测量相对误差
Figure 14. Measuring errors using 11-8 point truncation scheme at different Reynolds numbers
图 15 不同雷诺数下13-10点截短方案测量相对误差
Figure 15. Measuring errors using 13-10 point truncation scheme at different Reynolds numbers
图 16 插入不同长度测量耙时13-10点截短方案流量测量相对误差
Figure 16. Flow measurement errors with different wide rakes using 13-10 point truncation measuring scheme
图 21 有无测量耙时截面质量平均参数沿流向的变化
Figure 21. Streamwise variations of mass-averaged parameters of sections with and without a rake
图 22 有无测量耙下截面参数不均匀度沿流向的变化
Figure 22. Streamwise variations total temperature uniformity with and without a rake
表 1 模拟测量耙的尺寸
Table 1. Simulating rake size
mm 尺寸 长 宽 高 倒角半径 Size1 50 10 20 4 Size2 80 10 20 4 Size3 80 15 20 4 Size4 80 20 20 4 Size5 80 10 10 4 Size6 80 10 30 4 
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表 2 流量测量相对误差
Table 2. Measuring errors of mass flow
测点布置方案 9-6点截短 11-8点截短 13-10点截短 方案一 −0.023 −0.026 −0.031 方案二 −0.137 −0.219 −0.147
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