燃/滑油微小通道换热器封头结构的优化设计

余智强; 于喜奎; 魏凯; 任亚涛; 何明键; 齐宏

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220437

燃/滑油微小通道换热器封头结构的优化设计

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220437

余智强^{1, 2,},
于喜奎³,
魏凯^{1, 2},
任亚涛^{1, 2},
何明键^{1, 2},
齐宏^{1, 2,*, ,}

1.
哈尔滨工业大学能源科学与工程学院，哈尔滨 150001
2.
空天热物理工业和信息化部重点实验室，哈尔滨 150001
3.
中国航空工业集团有限公司沈阳飞机设计研究所，沈阳 110035

基金项目: 中国广核集团-哈尔滨工业大学先进核能与新能源研究院项目（CGN-HIT202213）；2022年度省重点研发计划项目（GY2022ZB0106）

详细信息

作者简介:
余智强（1994-），男，硕士，研究方向为微通道换热器结构优化与设计、微通道流动与换热特性的研究

通讯作者:
齐宏（1980-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究方向为辐射换热、光谱和光学成像、微纳结构光热等。E-mail：qihong@hit.edu.cn

中图分类号: V314
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-17

Optimization design of head structure of fuel/lubricating-oil micro-channel heat exchanger

YU Zhiqiang^{1, 2
,},
YU Xikui³,
WEI Kai^{1, 2},
REN Yatao^{1, 2},
HE Mingjian^{1, 2},
QI Hong^{1, 2,*
, ,}

1.
School of Energy Science and Engineering，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China
2.
Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics，Ministry of Industry and Information Technology，Harbin 150001，China
3.
Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute，Aviation Industry Corporation of China，Limited，Shenyang 110035，China

摘要

摘要:
针对燃/滑油微小通道换热器的侧入式封头结构的流动特性开展研究，基于非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）构建了4个几何约束和2个目标函数优化模型，研究封头壳体形状、导流板位置、导流板俯仰角以及导流孔径大小对于封头内流量分配特性和压损的影响。建立样本空间，并基于响应面法建立几何约束与目标函数之间的函数关系；采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法展开全局搜索，得到不同工况的Pareto前沿和最优解候选点；对比分析候选点的综合特性，筛选出最佳结构。研究发现：压低封头结构纵深可以有效地抑制涡流、降低压损，添加导流结构可以改善流量分配特性，但会增加压损；封头结构参数对流量分配特性和压损的影响高于流速的影响，通过优化设计筛选了2种封头结构，对于不同工况都具有较好的适用性。
- 微小通道换热器 /
- 侧入式封头 /
- 响应面 /
- 多目标优化 /
- Pareto最优解
Abstract:
The flow characteristics of side-entry head structure of fuel/lubricating-oil micro-channel heat exchanger were studied. Four geometric constraints and two objective function optimization models were constructed based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ). The effects of the shape of the head shell, the position and pitch of the baffle and the size of baffle aperture on the flow distribution characteristics and pressure loss in the header were studied. Firstly, the sample space was built, and the functional relationship between the geometric constraints and the objective function was established based on the response surface method. Then, the NSGA-Ⅱ was used to carry out a global search, and the Pareto front and optimal solution candidate points of different working conditions were obtained. Finally, the comprehensive characteristics of the candidate points were compared and analyzed to screen out the optimal structure. The results showed that the pressure loss can be effectively suppressed by lowering the header depth, and the flow distribution characteristics can be greatly improved by adding diversion structure, but at the expense of increasing the pressure loss. The effects of header structure parameters on flow distribution characteristics and pressure loss were higher than flow velocity. Two header structures were screened through multi-objective optimized design, showing good applicability to different working conditions.
- micro-channel heat exchanger /
- side entry header /
- response surface /
- multi-objective optimization /
- Pareto optimal solution

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图 1 模型结构与边界条件

Figure 1. Model structure and boundary conditions

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图 2 工质热物性拟合

Figure 2. Thermal physical property fitting of working medium

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图 3 网格划分及无关性验证

Figure 3. Meshing and independent verification

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图 4 算例验证

Figure 4. Numerical examples validate

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图 5 几何约束示意图

Figure 5. Geometric constraint schematic diagram

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图 6 样本空间与目标结果

Figure 6. Sample space and target outcomes

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图 7 迭代求解过程——工况 1 （0.21 m/s）

Figure 7. Iterative solution process——Case 1 （0.21 m/s）

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图 8 工况1响应面

Figure 8. Response surface of working condition 1

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图 9 工况2响应面

Figure 9. Response surface of working condition 2

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图 10 响应面拟合精度

Figure 10. Fitting accuracy of response surface

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图 11 Pareto前沿

Figure 11. Pareto front

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图 12 流场分布对比分析

Figure 12. Comparative analysis of flow field distribution

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图 13 极限速度对比

Figure 13. Comparison of limit velocity correlation

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图 14 速度分布不均匀度对比

Figure 14. Comparison of velocity distribution inhomogeneity

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表 1 工质热物性多项式

Table 1. Thermal property polynomial of working medium

系数	比定压热容 c_p/（J/（kg·K））	密度 ρ/（kg/m³）	动力黏度 μ/（Pa·s）	导热系数 λ/（W/（m·K））
p₁	0	0	−2.64×10⁻¹⁵	0
p₂	0	0	6.34×10⁻¹²	0
p₃	−7.93×10⁻⁵	−2.29×10⁻⁶	−6.09×10⁻⁹	1.058×10⁻⁹
p₄	0.1133	0.002412	2.92×10⁻⁶	−1.54×10⁻⁶
p₅	−46.67	−1.832	−7.03×10⁻⁴	5.08×10⁻⁴
p₆	8085	1184	0.06847	0.08895
标准差	0.9999	0.9999	0.9987	0.9999

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表 2 几何约束参数

Table 2. Parameter of geometric constraint

几何约束项目	参数范围
壳体结构N	[0, 7]
俯仰角θ/（°）	[0, 180]
相对位置D/mm	[0, 12]
导流孔直径Φ/mm	[0.5, 2.5]

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表 3 样本空间

Table 3. Sampling space

序号	结构参数				序号	结构参数
序号	Φ/mm	D/mm	N	θ/（°）	序号	Φ/mm	D/mm	N	θ/（°）
1	1.44	1.18	5.67	34.2	26	1.88	4.3	3.71	84.6
2	1.6	7.18	1.75	48.6	27	2.04	4.54	6.79	81.0
3	1.92	7.42	0.07	91.8	28	2.16	1.66	2.59	160.2
4	1.96	7.9	6.51	156.6	29	2.48	5.74	4.55	135.0
5	0.6	2.62	1.33	120.6	30	0.8	5.02	5.25	9.0
6	2.36	4.06	4.69	30.6	31	1.56	11.5	1.19	142.2
7	1.28	6.7	4.41	59.4	32	1.8	11.02	0.77	27.0
8	2.4	9.82	1.89	77.4	33	1.76	11.98	3.99	55.8
9	1.16	3.58	2.17	174.6	34	1.72	7.66	6.37	16.2
10	0.92	10.06	0.63	73.8	35	1.68	8.38	3.15	117.0
11	1.36	2.38	0.35	45.0	36	0.56	3.1	4.83	88.2
12	0.76	5.98	0.91	23.4	37	2.08	9.1	3.57	5.4
13	1.12	4.78	2.31	99.0	38	2.24	0.7	4.97	95.4
14	0.96	11.74	3.85	109.8	39	1.24	0.22	3.43	124.2
15	1.32	5.5	5.11	131.4	40	2.44	3.82	1.47	102.6
16	2.32	9.58	5.81	66.6	41	1.52	3.34	3.01	1.8
17	2.28	5.26	1.05	19.8	42	1	10.3	2.87	12.6
18	1.48	10.78	6.23	106.2	43	1.2	1.42	6.65	113.4
19	0.52	8.14	3.29	63.0	44	1.04	6.22	6.93	70.2
20	0.64	8.62	2.45	153.0	45	1.84	2.14	5.53	171.0
21	1.08	6.46	0.21	149.4	46	0.72	2.86	5.39	167.4
22	1.64	1.9	0.49	127.8	47	2	0.46	2.03	52.2
23	2.2	11.26	4.13	145.8	48	1.4	9.34	4.27	178.2
24	0.84	0.94	2.73	37.8	49	0.88	10.54	5.95	41.4
25	2.12	6.94	1.61	163.8	50	0.68	8.86	6.09	138.6

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表 4 候选点集

Table 4. Candidate set

类型		几何约束			计算结果
工况	候选点	Φ/mm	D/mm	N/mm	θ/（°）	p_cost/Pa	S_v/（m/s）
1 （0.21 m/s）	1	2.499	11.965	1.457	116.39	17.86	0.0038
	2	2.498	11.866	1.487	118.2	17.9	0.0037
	3	2.496	11.864	1.446	117.48	17.95	0.0037
2 （0.41 m/s）	4	0.700	0.132	3.157	117.88	42.443	0.0151
	5	0.693	0.164	3.193	117.67	42.602	0.0150
	6	0.703	0.115	3.179	118.41	42.931	0.0150
3 （0.62 m/s）	7	2.492	1.845	4.456	45.169	57.846	0.0366
	8	2.498	2.286	4.577	45.169	58.035	0.0364
	9	2.499	2.125	4.495	45.169	58.011	0.0367
4 （0.83 m/s）	10	2.499	12.048	0.372	119.47	97.475	0.042
	11	2.498	12.067	0.341	120.32	98.073	0.0417
	12	2.496	12.082	0.346	117.78	98.782	0.0419
5 （1.03 m/s）	13	0.535	0.141	6.990	109.69	230.29	0.0264
	14	0.562	0.127	6.979	109.40	227.97	0.0278
	15	0.526	0.149	6.982	110.58	235.52	0.0246

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表 5 不均匀度降低比例

Table 5. Reduction ratio of unevenness reduction %

类别	不均匀度降低
类别	工况1	工况2	工况3	工况4	工况5
Pareto-2	11.91	13.59	14.44	15.34	15.85
Pareto-5	15.66	19.99	22.44	24.10	24.92
Pareto-8	18.48	22.44	24.41	26.13	27.30
Pareto-11	16.16	18.11	19.04	19.96	20.59
Pareto-15	24.45	23.33	22.51	22.50	22.29

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表 6 压损增加比例

Table 6. Increase ratio of pressure loss %

类别	压损增加
类别	工况1	工况2	工况3	工况4	工况5
Pareto-2	16.52	19.16	20.75	21.81	22.28
Pareto-5	3.48	2.44	1.53	0.84	0.15
Pareto-8	4.78	3.25	2.38	1.43	0.59
Pareto-11	30.43	37.99	42.60	45.62	47.49
Pareto-15	0.87	−0.16	−0.77	−1.11	−1.36

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燃/滑油微小通道换热器封头结构的优化设计

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220437

作者简介:
余智强（1994-），男，硕士，研究方向为微通道换热器结构优化与设计、微通道流动与换热特性的研究

通讯作者:
齐宏（1980-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究方向为辐射换热、光谱和光学成像、微纳结构光热等。E-mail：qihong@hit.edu.cn

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Optimization design of head structure of fuel/lubricating-oil micro-channel heat exchanger

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燃/滑油微小通道换热器封头结构的优化设计

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220437

作者简介: 余智强（1994-），男，硕士，研究方向为微通道换热器结构优化与设计、微通道流动与换热特性的研究

通讯作者: 齐宏（1980-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究方向为辐射换热、光谱和光学成像、微纳结构光热等。E-mail：qihong@hit.edu.cn

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Optimization design of head structure of fuel/lubricating-oil micro-channel heat exchanger

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出版历程

目录

作者简介:
余智强（1994-），男，硕士，研究方向为微通道换热器结构优化与设计、微通道流动与换热特性的研究

通讯作者:
齐宏（1980-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，研究方向为辐射换热、光谱和光学成像、微纳结构光热等。E-mail：qihong@hit.edu.cn