齿形结构对迷宫密封泄漏与动力特性影响

叶强生; 张万福; 周庆辉; 李春

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220460

齿形结构对迷宫密封泄漏与动力特性影响

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220460

叶强生^1,,
张万福^{1, 2,*, ,},
周庆辉¹,
李春^{1, 2}

1.
上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院，上海 200093
2.
上海理工大学上海市动力工程多相流动与传热重点实验室，上海 200093

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51875361）；上海市自然科学基金（20ZR1439200）

详细信息

作者简介:
叶强生（1998-），男，硕士生，研究方向为透平机械密封动力学

通讯作者:
张万福(1986-)，男，副教授，博士，研究方向为透平机械流体激振及旋转机械故障诊断。E-mail：wfzhang@usst.edu.cn

中图分类号: V232.9；TK263
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-04

Effect of tooth profile on the leakage and dynamic characteristics of labyrinth seals

YE Qiangsheng^1
,,
ZHANG Wanfu^{1, 2,*
, ,},
ZHOU Qinghui¹,
LI Chun^{1, 2}

1.
School of Energy and Power Engineering，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology，Shanghai 200093，China
2.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology，Shanghai 200093，China

摘要

摘要:
建立齿在静子上迷宫密封（TOS LS）、齿在转子上迷宫密封（TOR LS）与交错式迷宫密封（ILS）三维数值分析模型，并采用多频椭圆涡动轨迹模型与计算流体力学方法阐明四种齿形角（θ=0°, 15°, 30°, 45°）对三种迷宫密封泄漏与动力特性的影响。结果表明：在转子转速15000 r/min与进口压力6.9×10⁵ Pa的运行工况下，ILS具有最小的泄漏量，但是若采用过小的齿形角（θ=0°, 15°）易引发转子失稳；TOR LS具有最差的封严性能；TOS LS具有最好的系统稳定性。在齿形角从0°增加至45°时：TOS LS、TOR LS与ILS的泄漏量分别降低5.6%、5.1%与16.8%；中间腔室负气流切向力的绝对值分别增加60.2%、133.9%与470.3%；整个密封段的有效阻尼分别增加44.9%～61.9%、30.7%～53.6%与90.4%～445.3%，系统稳定性均得到显著加强。
- 迷宫密封 /
- 计算流体力学 /
- 泄漏量 /
- 动力特性 /
- 齿形角
Abstract:
The three-dimensional numerical analysis models of teeth-on-stator labyrinth seal (TOS LS), teeth-on-rotor labyrinth seal (TOR LS) and interlocking labyrinth seal (ILS) were established. The effects of four tooth profile angles (θ=0°, 15°, 30°, 45°) on the leakage and dynamic characteristics of three labyrinth seals were investigated by applying multi-frequency elliptical whirling orbit model and computational fluid dynamics method. Under the operating conditions of 15000 r/min rotational speed and 6.9×10⁵ Pa inlet pressure, although ILS leaked the least, it was easy to cause rotor instability if the tooth profile angle was too small (θ=0°, 15°); TOR LS had the worst sealing performance, while TOS LS had the best system stability. As the tooth profile angle increased from 0° to 45°: the leakage flow rate of TOS LS, TOR LS and ILS decreased by 5.6%, 5.1% and 16.8%; the absolute value of negative flow-induced tangential force for the middle cavity increased by 60.2%, 133.9% and 470.3%; the effective damping of the whole seal section increased by 44.9%−61.9%, 30.7%−53.6% and 90.4%−445.3%, respectively, indicating the system stability was significantly enhanced.
- labyrinth seal /
- computational fluid dynamics /
- leakage flow rate /
- dynamic characteristics /
- tooth profile angle

HTML

图 1 三种迷宫密封几何结构（单位：mm）

Figure 1. Geometries of three labyrinth seals (unit: mm)

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图 2 椭圆涡动轨迹模型示意图

Figure 2. Schematic of the elliptical whirling orbit model

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图 3 TOS LS计算模型及其网格分布

Figure 3. Computational model and grid distribution of TOS LS

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图 4 网格无关性验证

Figure 4. Grid independence verification

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图 5 数值与实验方法的动力特性系数对比

Figure 5. Comparison of the rotordynamic coefficient between numerical and experimental methods

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图 6 不同齿形角下三种迷宫密封的泄漏特性

Figure 6. Leakage characteristics of three labyrinth seals with different tooth profile angles

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图 7 不同齿形角下TOS LS第七腔室速度云图

Figure 7. Velocity contours for cavity #7 of TOS LS with different teeth profile angles

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图 8 不同齿形角下TOS LS第七腔室湍流动能云图

Figure 8. Turbulence kinetic energy contours for cavity #7 of TOS LS with different teeth profile angles

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图 9 不同齿形角下ILS湍流黏度云图

Figure 9. Turbulence viscosity contours of ILS with different tooth profile angles

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图 10 不同齿形角下TOS LS、TOR LS直接刚度随涡动频率变化趋势

Figure 10. Direct stiffness of TOS LS, TOR LS versus whirling frequency with different tooth profile angles

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图 11 不同齿形角下TOS LS、TOR LS交叉刚度随涡动频率变化趋势

Figure 11. Cross-coupled stiffness of TOS LS, TOR LS versus whirling frequency with different tooth profile angles

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图 12 不同齿形角下TOS LS、TOR LS直接阻尼随涡动频率变化趋势

Figure 12. Direct damping of TOS LS, TOR LS versus whirling frequency with different tooth profile angles

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图 13 不同齿形角下TOS LS、TOR LS有效阻尼随涡动频率变化趋势

Figure 13. Effective damping of TOS LS, TOR LS versus whirling frequency with different tooth profile angles

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图 14 不同齿形角下ILS刚度系数随涡动频率变化趋势

Figure 14. Stiffness coefficient of ILS versus whirling frequency with different tooth profile angles

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图 15 不同齿形角下ILS阻尼系数随涡动频率变化趋势

Figure 15. Damping coefficient of ILS versus whirling frequency with different tooth profile angles

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图 16 TOS LS （θ=30°）转子位移与激振力随涡动时间变化趋势

Figure 16. Rotor displacement and flow-induced force of TOS LS （θ=30°） versus whirling time

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图 17 不同齿形角下三种迷宫密封第七腔室的静压云图与激振力分布（x方向激振，t=0.1 s）

Figure 17. Static pressure contours and flow-induced force distribution for cavity #7 of three labyrinth seals with different tooth profile angles （x-direction excitation, t=0.1 s）

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表 1 几何尺寸

Table 1. Geometry dimensions

参数	数值
密封长度L/mm	65.02
转子半径R/mm	85.3
密封间隙C_r/mm	0.3
齿尖宽度s/mm	0.3
齿高h/mm	4.01
齿距l/mm	5
齿形角θ/（°）	0, 15, 30, 45
齿数N_t	14

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表 2 运行工况

Table 2. Operating conditions

参数	设置
工质	空气（理想气体）
湍流模型	标准k-ε
壁面属性	绝热、光滑
进口温度 T/K	287
进口压力 p_in/10⁵ Pa	6.9
出口压力 p_out/10⁵ Pa	1
转速 ω/10³（r/min）	15
涡动频率 Ω_i/Hz	20, 40,···, 240, 260

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