High-accuracy experimental analysis and correction of blade tip timing measurement error
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摘要:
叶顶位移的精确测量是叶尖定时（BTT）技术应用于旋转叶片振动模态重构和实时状态监测的基础。设计了一套基于激光位移传感器的高精度BTT标定装置，在实验中直接获取叶顶位移的时域标定数据，并以此确定了转速波动是叶顶位移测量误差的主要来源之一。在此基础上，提出了局部5阶拟合的转速波动修正方法以提升BTT测量精度，并在标定装置上完成实验验证。结果表明：局部5阶拟合的转速波动修正方法在不同工况下均能有效提高BTT测量准确度。在旋转叶片非线性升转状态下测量误差最高降低90%；在恒定转速条件下误差可以降低38%至63%。将该算法应用在一台单级轴流压气机的实验数据中，修正的误差达0.4 mm，有效降低了BTT技术实时测量叶顶位移量的不确定度。
Abstract:Accurate measurement of blade tip displacement is the basis for the application of blade tip timing (BTT) technology to the vibrational mode reconstruction and real-time condition monitoring of rotating blades. A high-precision BTT calibration device based on a laser displacement sensor was designed. The time-domain calibration data of the blade tip displacement were directly obtained in the experiment, verifying that the speed fluctuation was one of the main sources of the measurement error of the blade tip displacement. On this basis, a local fifth-order fitting rotation speed fluctuation correction method was proposed to improve the BTT measurement accuracy, and the experimental verification was completed on the calibration device. The experimental results showed that the local fifth-order fitting method can effectively improve the BTT measurement accuracy under different working conditions. The measurement error can be reduced by up to 90% under the condition of non-linear increase in rotational speed, and the measurement error can be reduced by 38% to 63% under the condition of constant speed. The algorithm was applied to the experimental data of a single-stage axial flow compressor, and the corrected error was as high as 0.4 mm, which effectively reduced the uncertainty of the real-time measurement of blade tip displacement by BTT technology.
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Key words:
- blade tip timing /
- blade tip displacement /
- speed fluctuation /
- calibration device /
- error analysis
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图 13 相对误差的标准差与键相标识个数
Figure 13. Standard deviation of relative error and number of key-phases
表 1 实验工况
Table 1. Experimental conditions
工况 稳定转速/（r/min） 附加激励频率/Hz A 300 B 600 C 900 D 1200 E 300 53.8 F 600 54.6 G 900 56.1 H 1200 57.5 
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表 2 总误差与轴位置误差相关的系数
Table 2. Correlation coefficient between total error and shaft position error
传感器编号 安装角度/（°） 相关系数 1 80.2 0.9910 2 176.8 0.9934 3 206.7 0.9936 4 249.5 0.9896 5 273.9 0.9916 6 302.7 0.9825 7 336.5 0.9829
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