反旋流对梳齿密封动力特性影响机理及有效性

张乃丹; 张万福; 周庆辉; 顾乾磊; 李春

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220479

反旋流对梳齿密封动力特性影响机理及有效性

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220479

1.
上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院，上海 200093
2.
东南大学能源与环境学院，南京 210096

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51875361）；上海市自然科学基金（20ZR1439200）

详细信息

作者简介:
张乃丹（1999-），女，硕士生，研究方向为透平机械密封动力学

中图分类号: V219；TK263
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- 文章访问数: 34
- HTML浏览量: 10
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-25

Influence of shunt injection on dynamic characteristics of labyrinth seals and its effectiveness analysis

1.
School of Energy and Power Engineering， University of Shanghai for Science and Technology，Shanghai 200093，China
2.
School of Energy and Environment，Southeast University，Nanjing 210096，China

摘要

摘要:
对比分析了不同预旋比下反旋流装置对梳齿密封各腔室内压力、周向流速、周向旋流增长率及动力特性系数，对反旋流梳齿密封的有效性进行定量分析与判别。研究表明：反旋流装置对密封周向流动有较强的抑制作用，且对各腔室压力有不同影响，其中对C3～C6腔室压力作用效果较明显；引入周向旋流增长率衡量反旋流装置作用效果，添加反旋流装置后，密封周向旋流增长率沿泄漏方向降低至C8腔室，在C9腔室处略有回升，无反旋流密封基本保持不变。添加反旋流喷嘴使C3～C6腔室直接阻尼增大，且各腔室交叉刚度均减小，各腔室有效阻尼提高，总有效阻尼增大稳定性增强。预旋比使C1～C2腔室的直接阻尼有显著变化。添加反旋流喷嘴后，腔室交叉刚度在高预旋比下减小更多，有效阻尼受预旋影响较小，反旋流对进口正预旋有较好抑制作用。
- 反旋流 /
- 梳齿密封 /
- 周向旋流 /
- 动力特性 /
- 计算流体力学
Abstract:
The influences of adding or not adding the shunt injection with different preswirl ratios on the pressure, the circumferential flow velocity, the growth rate of the circumferential swirling flow and rotordynamic characteristics coefficients in each seal cavity were compared and analyzed. The effec-tiveness of the shunt injection was quantitatively analyzed and evaluated. Studies showed that the shunt injection device had a strong inhibitory effect on the circumferential flow of the seal, and also a different influence on the pressure in each cavity, with a more obvious influence on the pressure in C3—C6. The growth rate of the circumferential swirling flow was introduced to measure the effect of the shunt injection. With the addition of shunt injection, the circumferential swirling flow growth rate for labyrinth seal was reduced along the direction of leakage to C8, and slightly rebounded at C9. The labyrinth seal without shunt injection remained largely unchanged. The shunt injection increased the direct damping of C3—C6, decreased the cross-coupled stiffness of each cavity, thus improving the effect damping of each cavity, and enhancing the system stability. The preswirl ratio influenced the direct damping of C1—C2. The shunt injection made the cross-coupled stiffness of each cavity decrease more at the high preswirl ratio. The effect damping was less affected by the preswirl ratio, thus the shunt injection had a better suppression effect on inlet the positive preswirl ratio.
- shunt injection /
- labyrinth seal /
- circumferential swirling flow /
- rotordynamic characteristics /
- computational fluid dynamics

HTML

图 1 转子椭圆涡动示意图

Figure 1. Rotor whirling orbit schematic

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图 2 反旋流梳齿密封几何模型

Figure 2. Geometry model of the shunt injection labyrinth seal

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图 3 反旋流梳齿密封网格分布

Figure 3. Grid distribution of the shunt injection labyrinth seal

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图 4 模拟数值计算与实验结果对比

Figure 4. Comparison of simulated numerical calculations and experimental results

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图 5 密封间隙处沿轴向的周向速度（λ=0.45）

Figure 5. Circumferential velocity along the axial direction at the seal gap （λ=0.45）

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图 6 腔室C1-2的周向压力和速度场

Figure 6. Circumferential pressure and velocity fields of chamber C1-2

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图 7 不同腔室子午面处周向速度云图

Figure 7. Velocity contours of a section in different cavities

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图 8 不同腔室周向压力

Figure 8. Circumferential pressure of different cavities

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图 9 不同工况下各腔室周向压差

Figure 9. Circumferential pressure difference under different operating conditions

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图 10 周向旋流增长率

Figure 10. Circumferential swirling flow growth rate

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图 11 不同密封腔室直接阻尼

Figure 11. Direct damping in different seal cavity

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图 12 总直接阻尼

Figure 12. Total direct damping

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图 13 不同密封腔室内交叉刚度

Figure 13. Cross-coupled stiffness in different seal cavity

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图 14 总交叉刚度

Figure 14. Total cross-coupled stiffness

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图 15 不同密封腔室内有效阻尼

Figure 15. Effective damping in different seal cavity

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图 16 总有效阻尼

Figure 16. Total effective damping

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表 1 反旋流梳齿密封几何尺寸

Table 1. Dimensions of the shunt injection labyrinth seal mm

参数	数值
转子直径d	60
密封间隙C_r	0.15
密封腔室底部宽度w₁	3.8
密封齿尖宽度w₂	0.25
密封腔底部弧形半径R	1.25
腔室深度h	3.3
反旋流孔边长s	3.0

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表 2 计算工况参数

Table 2. Calculation condition parameters

计算工况	参数设置
湍流模型	标准k-ε
进口温度T_in/K	298
进口压力p_in/MPa	0.5
出口压力p_out/MPa	0.1
反旋流喷嘴压力p_SI/MPa	0.5
转子转速ω/（r/min）	6000
涡动频率Ω_i/Hz	20, 40, ···, 260, 280
涡动幅值/mm	a=0.001，b=0.0005

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表 3 网格无关性验证

Table 3. Grid-independent verification

网格数/10⁴	气流力相对误差平均值/%	泄漏量相对误差/%
148	1.31	0.153
248	0.31	0.118
368	0.21	0.047
428	0	0

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