Multiple frictional dynamic absorber for rotors and its vibration attenuation characteristics
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摘要:
针对转子过临界转速时振动过大问题，提出一种具有紧凑结构的多重干摩擦阻尼吸振器，通过集成多个具有高强度的悬臂梁式振子，结合适于高温复杂环境的干摩擦阻尼，构建能够在复杂恶劣环境下工作的环形吸振器。为对吸振器进行参数设计与减振特性分析，采用有限元和拉格朗日方程方法对吸振器-转子系统进行动力学建模，并利用基于时频域转换的谐波平衡法实现对系统振动响应的高效求解。在此基础上，研究吸振器质量比、频率比、振子个数以及干摩擦界面法向正压力等参数对其减振性能的影响，分析其减振性能对于参数偏离的敏感性，结果表明：多重干摩擦阻尼吸振器能有效降低转子过1阶临界转速的振幅，减振幅度最高可达70%，且具有较好的鲁棒性。
Abstract:A compact vibration absorber with multiple frictional dynamic absorber was presented to dissipate the excessive vibration of rotor passing through the critical speed. The ring-like absorber integrated multiple cantilevered oscillators and the frictional damping suitable for high temperature and complex environment. In order to gain effective models for the design and performance analysis, the finite element method, combined with the Lagrange equation approach, was employed for modeling of the vibration absorber-rotor system. The harmonic balance method was applied to effectively solve the governing equation of the system. On this basis, the effects of the mass ratio, frequency ratio, the number of oscillators and the normal force on the friction surfaces on the vibration mitigation performance of the absorber were investigated. The sensitivity of its effectiveness to the random deviation of some parameters was also addressed. Numerical results showed that the presented absorber can obviously reduce the maximum response amplitude of the rotor, with the maximum relative ratio reaching above 70%. Besides, the performance of the absorber was very robust.
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图 1 多重干摩擦阻尼动力吸振器结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the multiple frictional dynamic vibration absorber
图 3 多重干摩擦阻尼动力吸振器的集中参数模型
Figure 3. Lumped parameter model of the multiple frictional vibration absorber
图 7 不同法向正压力下的转子响应（
$\lambda $ = 0.95）Figure 7. Response amplitude of rotor with different normal loads （
$\lambda $ = 0.95）
图 8 不同质量比和频率比下最大振幅比
$ \gamma $ 的变化Figure 8. Variation of the maximum amplitude ratio at different mass ratios and frequency ratio cases
图 9 振子数量对减振性能的影响
Figure 9. Effects of the number of oscillators on the vibration attenuation performance of the damper
图 10 吸振器安装位置对减振性能的影响
Figure 10. Effects of the mounting position on the vibration attenuation performance of the damper
图 11 振子质量随机偏离下的最大振幅分布情况
Figure 11. Distribution of the maximum amplitude of the rotor with random deviation in the mass of oscillators
图 12 不同偏离程度下的转子振动响应曲线
Figure 12. Vibration response of the rotor with different levels of mass deviation in the oscillators
表 1 转子结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of rotor
参数 数值 转子长度/mm 800 转子直径/mm 20 轮盘厚度/mm 20 轮盘外径/mm 90 材料密度/（kg/m3） 7850 弹性模量/GPa 210 泊松比 0.3 
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