形状记忆合金在航空航天领域的应用研究综述

渠磊; 闫泽红; 饶智祥; 王啸远; 冷佳明; 万维锋; 闫晓军

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220493

形状记忆合金在航空航天领域的应用研究综述

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220493

渠磊^1,,
闫泽红¹,
饶智祥¹,
王啸远¹,
冷佳明¹,
万维锋¹,
闫晓军^{1, 2, 3, 4,*, ,}

1.
北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院，北京 100191
2.
先进航空发动机协同创新中心，北京 100191
3.
北京航空航天大学航空发动机气动热力国家级重点实验室，北京 100191
4.
北京航空航天大学航空发动机结构强度北京市重点实验室，北京 100191

详细信息

作者简介:
渠磊（1996-），男，博士生，主要从事智能结构研究

通讯作者:
闫晓军（1973-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事智能结构、微型飞行器动力、高温结构力学研究。E-mail: yanxiaojun@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V252.9
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-09
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-08

Review on shape memory alloys’ application in field of aerospace

QU Lei^1
,,
YAN Zehong¹,
RAO Zhixiang¹,
WANG Xiaoyuan¹,
LENG Jiaming¹,
WAN Weifeng¹,
YAN Xiaojun^{1, 2, 3, 4,*
, ,}

1.
School of Energy and Power Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine，Beijing 100191，China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-thermodynamics， Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
4.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Aero-Engine Structure and Strength， Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China

摘要

摘要:
为了在航空航天领域更好地利用形状记忆合金（shape memory alloys, SMA）的形状记忆效应和超弹性两方面的突出力学特性，综述了SMA在材料与工艺、本构模型、形状记忆效应应用和超弹性应用方面的研究进展。主要探讨了NiTiHf、NiTiAu等三元高温合金、SMA热处理工艺和3D打印工艺、形状记忆效应和超弹性本构模型、利用形状记忆效应设计的SMA丝、管、弹簧和带驱动器、利用超弹性设计的减振器、自适应结构等在航空航天领域的应用研究特点，并指出当前存在的不足。该研究结果表明：随着材料、工艺、控制、信息技术的融合发展，SMA的应用研究将向着更宽的工作温度范围、结构多样化以及智能化方向发展。
- 形状记忆合金 /
- 形状记忆效应 /
- 超弹性 /
- 航空航天 /
- 本构模型 /
- 压紧释放机构
Abstract:
In order to better utilize the outstanding mechanical properties of shape memory alloys (SMA) in both shape memory effect and superelasticity in aerospace field, the research progress of SMA in terms of materials and process, constitutive model, shape memory effect application and superelasticity application was reviewed. The research features of the ternary high-temperature alloys, such as NiTiHf and NiTiAu, SMA heat treatment process and 3D printing process, shape memory effect and superelasticity constitutive model, SMA wire, tube, spring and belt actuators designed by using shape memory effect, vibration dampers and adaptive structures designed by using superelasticity in aerospace field were mainly discussed, and their current shortcomings were presented. The future trend of SMA application was proposed: with the integrated development of materials, process, control, and information technology, the structures with SMA could show more structure diversity and work in a wider range of working temperature with more intelligence.
- shape memory alloys /
- shape memory effect /
- superelasticity /
- aerospace /
- constitutive model /
- hold-down and release mechanism

HTML

图 1 形状记忆效应和超弹性^[6]

Figure 1. Shape memory effect and superelasticity^[6]

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图 2 热处理定型过程^[6]

Figure 2. Heat treatment setting process^[6]

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图 3 3D打印蜂窝结构的应用^[35]

Figure 3. Application of 3D printed honeycomb structure^[35]

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图 4 SMA-30000压紧释放机构^[62]

Figure 4. SMA-30000 hold-down and release mechanism^[62]

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图 5 REACT V2压紧释放机构^[67]

Figure 5. REACT V2 hold-down and release mechanism^[67]

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图 6 REACT V2实物图^[67]

Figure 6. REACT V2 image^[67]

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图 7 SMA丝在机构变形中的工作原理^[74]

Figure 7. Working principle of SMA wire in the mechanism deformation^[74]

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图 8 Frangibolt机构^[78]

Figure 8. Frangibolt mechanism^[78]

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图 9 SMA岩石劈裂器（SMARS）^[24-26]

Figure 9. SMA rock splitter （SMARS）^[24-26]

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图 10 展向自适应机翼（SAW）^[81]

Figure 10. Spanwise adaptive wing （SAW） ^[81]

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图 11 SMA管接头

Figure 11. SMA pipe joint

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图 12 LFN机构^[84-85]

Figure 12. LFN mechanism^[84-85]

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图 13 VGC示意图^[71]

Figure 13. VGC Schematic diagram^[71]

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图 14 拟橡胶金属减振器^[58]

Figure 14. Imitated rubber metal shock absorber^[58]

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图 15 NASA火星车轮胎^[92]

Figure 15. NASA Mars rover tires^[92]

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表 1 国内外SMA丝驱动的压紧释放机构

Table 1. Domestic and foreign SMA wire actuated hold-down and release mechanism

型号	载荷/ kN	释放时间/ s	质量/ g	包络尺寸（直径×高度）/ （mm×mm）
TiNi拔销器	0.45	0.1	360
KAIST	15	0.05	275	35×72
NEHRA	20	1	400	70×38
REACT	35	10	354	78×78
REACT V2	5	1.1	230
SUNVR	0.78
SMA-30000	30	14	430	46×84
SMA-10000	10	0.1	240	41×60
SMA-3600	3.6	0.3	250	42×61
RLLPD	0.35	8

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表 2 SMA弹簧驱动的压紧释放机构

Table 2. SMA spring driving hold-down and release mechanism

型号	载荷/ kN	释放时间/ s	质量/ g	包络尺寸/ （mm×mm）
LFN	12～13	10	250	38×89（直径×高度）
TSN	25～80	0.05	300	38×76（直径×高度）
KAU	1.597	0.022		50×30（长度×宽度）

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