Sloshing analysis and anti-sloshing structure optimization of a wing fuel tank
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摘要:
针对某型多隔仓机翼整体燃油箱，基于流体体积（VOF）方法模拟燃油晃动自由液面变化，分析了燃油箱在多工况下的燃油晃动特性；根据分析结果，选取肋板溢油口构型，串油孔直径与肋板数量为设计变量，以燃油质心相对位移幅值为优化目标，设计正交实验设计，通过极差分析与方差分析法对油箱肋板构型进行优化，得出最优肋板构型。结果表明：VOF法可以准确有效的模拟燃油流动特性，燃油箱肋板可有效抑制燃油晃动；优化肋油箱与初始油箱对比，平均燃油质心相对位移幅值降低66.54%，最大位移幅值降低46.43%；燃油质心位移得到有效控制，机翼油箱的防晃效果得到提升。
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关键词:
- 液体晃动 /
- 机翼整体油箱 /
- 流体体积（VOF）方法 /
- 正交实验 /
- 肋板结构优化
Abstract:Volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to simulate the free level change of fuel sloshing in a multi-compartment wing fuel tank. Fuel sloshing characteristics of the tank under multiple operating conditions were analyzed. According to the analysis results, the rib spill port configuration, the diameter of oil strings and the number of ribs were selected as design variables, and the relative displacement amplitude of fuel mass center was taken as the optimization objective to design the orthogonal experimental design. The rib configuration of the tank was optimized by range analysis and ANOVA, and the optimal rib configuration was obtained. The results showed that VOF method can accurately and effectively simulate the fuel flow characteristics, and the fuel tank rib can effectively restrain fuel sloshing. By comparing the optimized rib tank with the initial tank, the average relative displacement of the fuel mass center was reduced by 66.54% and the maximum displacement by 46.43%. The displacement of fuel mass center was effectively controlled and the anti-sloshing effect of wing tank was improved.
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图 6 滚转工况下燃油与油箱质心相对位移
Figure 6. Relative displacement of fuel and fuel tank centroid under rolling condition
图 8 俯仰工况下燃油与油箱质心相对位移
Figure 8. Relative displacement of fuel and fuel tank centroid under pitching condition
图 10 耦合工况下燃油与油箱质心相对位移
Figure 10. Relative displacement of fuel and fuel tank centroid under coupling condition
图 13 优化前后燃油质心相对位移幅值
Figure 13. Relative displacement amplitude of fuel centroid before and after optimization
表 1 实验因素及水平
Table 1. Experimental factors and level
因素 参数 水平1 水平2 水平3 X1（因素A） 溢油口构型 宽体 窄体 传统 X2（因素B） 串油孔直径/mm 70 90 110 X3（因素C） 肋板数量 18 16 14 
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表 2 正交实验设计及仿真计算结果
Table 2. Orthogonal experimental design and simulation calculation results
试验号 因素水平 误差列 燃油质心相对
位移幅值y因素A 因素B 因素C 1 1 1 1 1 0.4741 2 1 2 3 2 0.6074 3 1 3 2 3 0.4185 4 2 1 3 3 0.6684 5 2 2 2 2 0.3528 6 2 3 1 1 0.3986 7 3 1 2 2 0.3750 8 3 2 1 1 0.4011 9 3 3 3 3 0.6525
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表 3 正交实验极差分析表
Table 3. Range analysis of orthogonal experimental
参数 因素A 因素B 因素C 误差列 K1 1.5000 1.5175 1.2738 1.2738 K2 1.4198 1.3613 1.1463 1.3352 K3 1.4286 1.4696 1.9283 1.7394 $\bar K_1 $ 0.5000 0.5058 0.4246 0.4246 $\bar K_2 $ 0.4732 0.4538 0.3821 0.4451 $\bar K_3 $ 0.4762 0.4899 0.6428 0.5798 R 0.0267 0.0521 0.2607 0.1552
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表 4 正交实验方差分析表
Table 4. Variance analysis of orthogonal experiments
方差来源 离差平方和 自由度 均方差 F P Fcrit 因素A 0.001 2 0.0005 0.381123 0.724048 19 因素B 0.0043 2 0.0021 1.617216 0.382085 19 因素C 0.1174 2 0.0587 44.45443 0.022 19 误差/组内 0.0026 2 0.0013 综合 0.1253 8
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