Analysis of vibration characteristics of inter-shaft bearing with local defects based on multi-body dynamics
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摘要:
为研究中介轴承存在局部缺陷时的振动特性及接触应力，基于多体动力学方法建立了中介轴承单点及复合故障二维全柔性动力学模型。应用该模型分析了中介轴承存在局部缺陷时的时频分布特性及接触应力变化规律，并与基于非线性Hertz接触理论的集中参数模型和实验测试结果进行对比分析，验证了多体动力学模型的准确性。研究结果表明：依据所建模型求得的故障特征频率与集中参数模型和实验结果误差均小于1%。轴承的等效应力最大值出现在故障裂痕处，且向四周扩散并减小；轴承承载区内的应力明显高于非承载区，应力变化的时间间隔为中介轴承故障特征频率基频的倒数。
Abstract:In order to study the vibration characteristics and contact stress of an inter-shaft bearing with local defects, a two-dimensional fully flexible dynamic model of the inter-shaft bearing with single and compound faults was established based on the multi-body dynamics method. With this model, the time-frequency distribution characteristics and contact stress variation law of the inter-shaft bearing with local defects were analyzed. Compared with the lumped parameter model based on nonlinear Hertz contact theory and the experimental results, the accuracy of the multi-body dynamics model was verified. The research results showed that the error between the fault characteristic frequency obtained based on the established model and the lumped parameter model and the experimental results was less than 1%. The maximum value of the equivalent contact stress of the bearing appeared at the fault crack, spread around and reduced; the contact stress in the bearing area was significantly higher than that in the non bearing area, and the time interval of the change of the equivalent stress was the reciprocal of the fundamental frequency of the inter-shaft bearing fault characteristic frequency.
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Key words:
- inter-shaft bearing /
- multi-point faults /
- multi-body dynamics /
- contact stress /
- fault characteristics
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图 8 内圈单点故障3种模型时域图及包络谱图
Figure 8. Time domain diagram and envelope spectrum of three models of inner ring single point fault
图 9 外圈单点故障3种模型时域图及包络谱图
Figure 9. Time domain diagram and envelope spectrum of three models of outer ring single point fault
图 10 复合故障3种模型时域图及包络谱图
Figure 10. Time domain diagram and envelope spectrum of three models of compound fault
图 11 中介轴承内圈缺陷处等效接触应力云图
Figure 11. Effective contact stress diagram of inner ring defect of inter-shaft bearing
图 12 中介轴承外圈缺陷处等效接触应力云图
Figure 12. Effective contact stress diagram of outer ring defect of inter-shaft bearing
图 13 复合故障内圈单元等效接触应力变化曲线
Figure 13. Effective contact stress variation curve of inner ring element with compound fault
图 14 复合故障外圈单元等效接触应力变化曲线
Figure 14. Effective contact stress variation curve of outer ring element with compound fault
图 15 复合故障内圈单元等效接触应力包络谱图
Figure 15. Effective contact stress envelope spectrum of inner ring element with compound fault
图 16 复合故障外圈单元等效接触应力包络谱图
Figure 16. Effective contact stress envelope spectrum of outer ring element with compound fault
表 1 中介轴承模型参数
Table 1. Inter-shaft bearing model parameters
参数 数值 内圈直径/mm 15 外圈直径/mm 35 节圆直径/mm 25 滚子直径/mm 5 滚子数目 11 接触角/（°） 0 径向间隙/μm 12 结构阻尼系数/（N·s/m） 300 
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表 2 各部件材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters of each component
轴承元件 密度/
（kg/m3）泊松比 弹性模量/
MPa内圈、外圈、滚子 7830 0.3 206 保持架 8500 0.324 105
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表 3 轴承接触对系数
Table 3. Bearing contact pair coefficient
接触部件 接触类型 $ {F_{\text{s}}} $ $ {F_{\text{d}}} $ 内圈与滚子 面-面（自动ASTS） 0.1 0.05 外圈与滚子 面-面（自动ASTS） 0.1 0.05 保持架与滚子 面-面（自动ASTS） 0.05 0.02
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表 4 中介轴承理论故障特征频率
Table 4. Characteristic frequency of theoretical failure of inter-shaft bearing
参数 故障类型 外圈故障 内圈故障 特征频率/Hz 80.67 121
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