Effects of windward angle on aerodynamic characteristic of drogue
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摘要:
为研究迎风角对加油稳定伞气动特性的影响，设计了一种1∶1全尺寸可变迎风角加油稳定伞，可真实模拟恒定阻力特征加油稳定伞和自适应变阻力特征加油稳定伞的结构特点，并在FL-14风洞建立了加油稳定伞气动特性测量试验方法，通过试验获得了不同迎风角对加油稳定伞张开过程、变形结果以及阻力的影响。结果表明：加油稳定伞完全张开所需的风速随迎风角增大呈现增大趋势；相同风速下，迎风角越大加油稳定伞阻力越大；受风载后，恒定阻力特征加油稳定伞迎风角不变，自适应变阻力特征加油稳定伞迎风角减小；1 mm骨架片的自适应变阻力特征加油稳定伞在迎风角46°、风速55～75 m/s范围内达到良好的自适应阻力特征调节效果，阻力值基本稳定。
Abstract:In order to study the effects of windward angle on aerodynamic characteristic of drogue, a 1∶1 full-scale drogue with variable windward angle was designed to simulate the real structure of invariable drag characteristic drogue and adaptive variable drag characteristic drogue, and a kind of aerodynamic characteristic measurement test method was developed in FL-14 wind tunnel. The variation tendencies of unfolding process, deformation results and drag for drogue at different windward angles were achieved in the test. The results indicated that: the wind speed for complete unfolding showed a rising trend with the increase of windward angle. Drag value of drogue increased with windward angle. Invariable drag characteristic drogue’s windward angle kept unchanged when bearing the load of wind while adaptive variable drag characteristic drogues’ decreased. The drogue with 1 mm springs achieved excellent performance of adaptive drag characteristic adjustment at the windward angle of 46° and within the speed range of 55 m/s and 75 m/s, and its drag value kept stable.
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Key words:
- wind tunnel test /
- drogue /
- windward angle /
- aerodynamic characteristic /
- spring
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图 13 迎风角对恒定阻力特征加油稳定伞的阻力影响
Figure 13. Windward angle effect on drag of invariable drag characteristic drogue
图 14 迎风角对恒定阻力特征加油稳定伞的阻力特征值影响
Figure 14. Windward angle effect on drag characteristic of invariable drag characteristic drogue
图 15 迎风角对自适应变阻力特征加油稳定伞的阻力影响（1.5 mm骨架片）
Figure 15. Windward angle effect on drag of adaptive variable drag characteristic drogue （1.5 mm springs）
图 16 迎风角对自适应变阻力特征加油稳定伞的阻力特征值影响（1.5 mm骨架片）
Figure 16. Windward angle effect on drag characteristic of adaptive variable drag characteristic drogue （1.5 mm springs）
图 17 迎风角对自适应变阻力特征加油稳定伞的阻力影响（1 mm骨架片）
Figure 17. Windward angle effect on drag of adaptive variable drag characteristic drogue （1 mm springs）
图 18 迎风角对自适应变阻力特征加油稳定伞的阻力特征值影响 （1 mm骨架片）
Figure 18. Windward angle effect on drag characteristic of adaptive variable drag characteristic drogue （1 mm springs）
表 1 不同迎风角完全张开所需风速
Table 1. Wind speed for completely unfolding at different windward angles
迎风角/（°） 所需风速/（m/s） 8 mm骨架片 1.5 mm骨架片 1 mm骨架片 30 40 35 30 34 40 35 30 38 40 35 35 46 45 40 40 
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表 2 实际迎风角减少量
Table 2. Decrease of actual windward angle
迎风角/（°） 实际迎风角减少量/（°） 1.5 mm骨架片 1 mm骨架片 30 5.47 17.63 34 5.88 20.19 38 5.94 21.47 46 6.39 23.88
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