编码器安装误差抑制的轴承外圈故障特征提取

徐万通; 郭瑜; 陈鑫

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220584

编码器安装误差抑制的轴承外圈故障特征提取

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220584

昆明理工大学机电工程学院，昆明 650500

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52165067）；云南省科技计划重大专项项目（202002AC080001）

详细信息

作者简介:
徐万通（1995-），男，硕士生，主要研究方向为齿轮箱故障特征提取。E-mail：xwt_kust@163.com

通讯作者:
郭瑜（1971-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要研究方向为机械动态测试技术。E-mail：kmgary@163.com

中图分类号: V263.6；TH133.33
计量
- 文章访问数: 18
- HTML浏览量: 13
- PDF量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-20

Feature extraction of bearing outer ring fault for encoder installation error suppression

Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Kunming University of Science and Technology，Kunming 650500，China

摘要

摘要:
针对编码器信号中安装误差导致轴承外圈故障特征提取困难的难题，提出一种编码器安装误差抑制方法。该方法依据编码器安装误差特性，结合方均根包络技术，获得原始瞬时角速度信号上包络线。基于分段逐步逼近技术和绝对平均差指标，结合反斜率修正方法，进一步拟合编码器安装误差分量。采用改进能量比指标自适应确定优化包络线窗长，并获得对应的剩余信号。通过剩余信号的包络谱，获取轴承外圈故障特征频率，揭示故障特征。与传统抑制周期性分量的倒谱预白化方法相对比，该方法清晰地提取出滚动轴承外圈的前3阶故障特征阶次，证明了该方法对编码器误差有较好的抑制效果，仿真和实验验证了所提方法的有效性。
- 瞬时角速度 /
- 编码器安装误差 /
- 方均根包络技术 /
- 滚动轴承 /
- 故障诊断
Abstract:
To address the problem that the installation error in the encoder signal makes it difficult to extract the bearing outer race fault features, an error suppression scheme for encoder installation was proposed. According to the method, the envelope on the original instantaneous angular speed signal was obtained based on the encoder mounting error characteristics combined with the root mean square envelope technique. The encoder installation error components were further fitted based on the segmented stepwise approximation technique and the absolute mean difference index combined with the inverse slope correction method. The optimized envelope window length was determined adaptively by improving the energy ratio index, and the corresponding residual signal was obtained. Through the envelope spectrum of the residual signal, the fault characteristics order of the bearing outer race was obtained and the fault characteristics were revealed. Compared with the traditional cepstral pre-whitening method which suppressed periodic components, the first 3 fault characteristic orders of the outer ring of rolling bearing were clearly extracted by this method, proving that the proposed method has better suppression effect on encoder error. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme was verified by simulation and experiment.
- instantaneous angular speed /
- encoder installation error /
- root mean square envelope technique /
- rolling element bearing /
- fault diagnosis

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图 1 编码器信号采集原理

Figure 1. Encoder signal acquisition principle

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图 2 编码器安装误差示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of encoder installation error

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图 3 不同偏心率ρ下R_e的变化趋势

Figure 3. Variation trend of R_e under different ρ conditions

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图 4 不同倾斜角α下R_s的变化趋势

Figure 4. Variation trend of R_s under different α conditions

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图 5 安装误差的相位对极值的影响

Figure 5. Effect of installation error phase on extremum

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图 6 不同ω（t）对IAS信号的影响

Figure 6. Effect of different ω（t） on IAS signal

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图 7 不同包络线拟合结果

Figure 7. Fitted results by different envelopes

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图 8 所提方法技术路线

Figure 8. Flow chart of proposed scheme

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图 9 反斜率法修正前的包络线

Figure 9. Envelope before adjusted by inverse slope method

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图 10 反斜率法修正后的包络线

Figure 10. Envelope adjusted by inverse slope scheme

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图 11 分段平移调整后的包络线

Figure 11. Segmented translation adjusted envelope

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图 12 仿真波形及包络谱图

Figure 12. Simulation waveform and envelope order spectrum

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图 13 不同方法处理结果对比

Figure 13. Results obtained by different schemes

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图 14 实验台

Figure 14. Test rig

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图 15 滚动轴承外圈故障示意图

Figure 15. Schematic diagram of rolling element bearing outer race fault

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图 16 不同方法处理结果

Figure 16. Results obtained by different schemes

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