深度过冷循环低温推进剂贮箱温场特性分析

张亮; 汪彬; 李杨; 李超; 沙赵明; 罗云; 王文

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220588

深度过冷循环低温推进剂贮箱温场特性分析

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220588

张亮^1,,
汪彬¹,
李杨¹,
李超¹,
沙赵明¹,
罗云²,
王文²

1.
上海航天技术研究院上海宇航系统工程研究所，上海 201109
2.
上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所，上海 200240

详细信息

作者简介:
张亮（1977-），男，研究员，博士，主要从事运载火箭及飞行器总体设计研究。E-mail：13816349731@139.com

中图分类号: V511.6
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- 文章访问数: 23
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-27

Temperature field analysis of cryogenic propellant tanks with deep subcooling cycle

1.
Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai，Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology，Shanghai 201109，China
2.
Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics，Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Shanghai 200240，China

摘要

摘要:
以某型号火箭液氧贮箱为例，对液氧在深度过冷循环过程中贮箱的降温特性进行仿真计算。以液氮为模拟工质，搭建低温推进剂过冷循环原理性缩比试验系统，通过实验数据验证数值模型的准确性。仿真分析了过冷循环流量及回流形式对贮箱降温速率及热分层特性的影响。研究表明：由于一级液氧贮箱筒段较长，贮箱内流体混合更加充分，液体温度均匀性良好；对于二级贮箱，由于其轴向长度较短，从输送管回流的部分深度过冷液氧直接通过贮箱上部抽液口被吸出，发生循环短路，导致贮箱温度始终无法降至70 K，贮箱内温度分层明显，温度均匀性较差，在对贮箱结构进行优化后，贮箱降温速率和温度均匀性提升明显。
- 低温推进剂 /
- 贮箱 /
- 深度过冷 /
- 外部循环 /
- 降温特性
Abstract:
A rocket liquid oxygen tank was taken as an example to simulate the temperature-drop characteristics of the liquid oxygen tank with subcooled cycle. Using liquid nitrogen as the simulated working medium, the principle scaling cryogenic propellant subcooled cycle experimental system was established, and the accuracy of the numerical mode was verified by the experimental data. The effects of the subcooled cycle flow rate and return form on the temperature-drop rate and thermal stratification characteristics of the tank were simulated and analyzed. Results showed that, due to the long cylinder section of the first stage liquid oxygen tank, the fluid in the tank was more fully mixed and the temperature uniformity of the liquid was better. For the secondary tank, due to its short axial length, part of the subcooled liquid oxygen was directly sucked out through the upper suction port of the tank, such that the tank temperature cannot be reduced to 70 K. The temperature in the tank was obviously stratified, and the temperature uniformity was poor. After the optimization of the tank structure, the cooling rate and temperature uniformity of the tank were significantly improved.
- cryogenic propellant /
- storage tank /
- deep subcooled /
- external loop /
- temperature-drop characteristics

HTML

图 1 液氧贮箱外部循环过冷原理图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of external loop sub-cooling of liquid oxygen tank

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图 2 一级、二级液氧贮箱物理模型（单位：mm）

Figure 2. Physical model of primary/secondary liquid oxygen tank （unit：mm）

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图 3 过冷加注原理性试验系统实物图

Figure 3. Picture of subcooled loading experimental system

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图 4 贮箱温度变化与网格数量的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between temperature variation and mesh number

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图 5 仿真结果与实验数据对比

Figure 5. Comparison of simulation results and experimental data

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图 6 一级液氧贮箱过冷循环温度变化情况

Figure 6. Temperature variation of subcooled cycle of primary liquid oxygen tank

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图 7 一级液氧贮箱过冷循环内部温度分布

Figure 7. Temperature distribution of subcooled cycle of primary liquid oxygen tank

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图 8 二级液氧贮箱过冷循环温度变化情况

Figure 8. Temperature variation of subcooled cycle of secondary liquid oxygen tank

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图 9 二级液氧贮箱过冷循环内部速度分布

Figure 9. Velocity distribution of subcooled cycle of secondary liquid oxygen tank

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图 10 不同回流形式时过冷循环贮箱温度变化

Figure 10. Comparison of temperature variation with different return form of subcooled cycle tank

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图 11 布置挡板时液氧贮箱内部温度分布

Figure 11. Temperature distribution of liquid oxygen tank with top baffled

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图 12 布置挡板时液氧贮箱内部速度分布

Figure 12. Velocity distribution of liquid oxygen tank with top baffled

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图 13 挡板不同位置时过冷循环贮箱温度变化

Figure 13. Comparison of temperature variation with different baffle position of subcooled cycle tank

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表 1 液氧贮箱过冷循环阶段边界条件

Table 1. Boundary conditions of external loop sub-cooling of liquid oxygen tank

状态	一级液氧贮箱	二级液氧贮箱
加注容积/L	121000	20000
箱底至发动机输送管高/m	13	3
输送管/mm	320	120
绝热层或箱壁外表面辐射率ε	0.8	0.8
绝热结构厚度/mm	20	20
绝热层外表面对太阳的热辐射吸收率α_s	0.3	0.3
绝热层表观导热系数/（W/（m·K））	0.023	0.023
箱壁导热系数/（W/（m·K））	170	170
环境温度/K	298	298

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表 2 测量系统中传感器的精度

Table 2. Uncertainties in efficient cryogenic fluid storage test platform

测量仪表	量程	精度
PT100铂电阻	77～300 K	±0.1 K
压力传感器	0～0.8 MPa	0.25% FS
差压液位计	0～2 000 mm H₂O	±0.075%

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