双组分混合气态燃料爆震起爆特性

张晋; 姜俞光; 王之声; 张启斌; 范玮

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220604

双组分混合气态燃料爆震起爆特性

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220604

西北工业大学动力与能源学院，西安 710129

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52176133，51876179）；国家科技重大专项（2017-Ⅲ-0005-0030）

详细信息

作者简介:
张晋（1992-），男，博士生，主要从事液态碳氢燃料爆震燃烧特性及传热特性研究。E-mail：red.lollipoper@mail.nwpu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
姜俞光（1990-），男，副教授，博士，主要从事先进空天动力装置热管理研究。E-mail：jiangyuguang@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V231.22
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-20

Detonation-initiation characteristics of the bi-component mixture fuel

School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710129，China

摘要

摘要:
在爆震燃烧中，与液态燃料相比气态燃料具有更好的起爆性能和可爆极限。在一定温度和压力下，液态碳氢燃料燃烧伊始发生的吸热裂解反应会产生小胞格尺寸的轻质气态小分子，其混合物组合可有效降低可燃混合物的临界起爆能量并提升燃料整体的起爆性能。研究液态燃料裂解反应中气态产物组分及含量对缓燃向爆震转变过程时间及距离的影响规律，有助于掌握形成易爆混合物的条件，指导液态燃料爆震燃烧室的设计。本文采用光学测量方法，对RP-3航空煤油热裂解反应的主要产物双组分气态燃料的起爆性能进行了实验研究，对不同组分燃料的起爆过程中火焰传播速度进行对比。结果表明：生成的甲烷摩尔分数大于60%时不能实现爆震起爆，烯烃类等气态不饱和烃可增强混合燃料的起爆性能。同时，适当地提高当量比，可以扩大混合燃料的可爆极限。
- 脉冲爆震 /
- 起爆特性 /
- 双组分燃料 /
- 火焰传播速度 /
- DDT（缓燃向爆震转变）距离
Abstract:
Compared with the gaseous fuels, liquid fuels have better detonability and wider explosive limits. Endothermic cracking reactions of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel occurring at the beginning of combustion under specific temperature and pressure can produce lighter gaseous fuels with a smaller cell size, which has the potential of dramatically reducing the critical initiation energy of the mixture and increasing its detonability. Study on the influence of the gaseous product components and content from the liquid fuel cracking reactions on the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) time and DDT distance was carried out to help obtain better operation condition for generating more detonable mixtures and guide the design of detonation combustion chambers for liquid fuels. An experimental study on the detonation-initiation characteristics of bi-component gaseous fuel acquired from the products of RP-3 aviation kerosene thermal cracking reactions was also conducted via optical method. A comparison of flame propagation velocity in the process of detonation-initiation with different component fuels was carried out. The results showed that the detonation may fail when the methane molar fraction was greater than 60%, and the gaseous unsaturated hydrocarbons such as olefins can enhance the deniability of the mixture fuel. Meanwhile, increasing the equivalence ratio appropriately can enlarge the explosive limit of the mixture fuel.
- pulse detonation /
- detonation-initiation characteristics /
- bi-component fuel /
- flame propagation velocity /
- DDT (deflagration-to-detonation transition) distance

HTML

图 1 航空煤油裂解反应气态产物组分

Figure 1. Gaseous product distributions of Aviation Kerosene cracking reaction

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图 2 不同气态燃料/氧化剂的临界起爆能量

Figure 2. Initiation energy for various stoichiometric fuel/oxidizer mixtures

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图 3 实验系统示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup

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图 4 爆震管截面图

Figure 4. Section of the detonation tube

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图 5 火焰加速过程

Figure 5. Image of flame acceleration

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图 6 乙烯爆震燃烧火焰速度

Figure 6. Detonation velocity of C₂H₄/Oxidizer mixture

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图 7 甲烷/乙烯混合燃料火焰加速过程

Figure 7. Flame acceleration of CH₄/C₂H₄ mixture fuel

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图 8 丙烯/乙烯混合燃料火焰加速过程

Figure 8. Flame acceleration of C₃H₆/C₂H₄ mixture fuel

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图 9 甲烷/丙烯混合燃料火焰加速过程

Figure 9. Flame acceleration of CH₄/C₃H₆ mixture fuel

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图 10 不同当量比甲烷/乙烯混合燃料火焰加速过程

Figure 10. Flame acceleration of CH₄/C₃H₆ mixture fuel with different equivalent ratio

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图 11 甲烷/丙烯双组分燃料可爆极限

Figure 11. Explosion limit of CH₄/C₃H₆ mixture fuel

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表 1 乙烯爆震燃烧工况

Table 1. Working condition of C₂H₄ detonation

序号温度/K 压力/kPa 当量比φ

1 293 95 1.1
2 293 95 1.2
3 293 95 1.3
4 293 95 1.4

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