基于滑流管模型的涵道螺旋桨快速计算与优化

孙蓬勃; 周洲

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220665

基于滑流管模型的涵道螺旋桨快速计算与优化

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220665

孙蓬勃,
周洲^*, ,

西北工业大学航空学院，西安 710072

基金项目: 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划（2022JQ-060）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙蓬勃（1996-），男，博士生，主要研究方向为分布式涵道推进飞行器气动设计

通讯作者:
周洲（1966-），女，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事无人机设计研究。E-mail：zhouzhou@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V211
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-06
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-02

Fast calculation and optimization of ducted propeller based on slipstream tube model

SUN Pengbo,
ZHOU Zhou^{*
, ,}

School of Aeronautics，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China

摘要

摘要:
基于CFD的涵道螺旋桨计算方法在涉及迭代计算优化等工作时，所需计算资源较大。为降低此类工作在初步优化设计时的计算代价，发展了一种将面元法与螺旋桨滑流管尾迹模型耦合的涵道螺旋桨快速计算方法，并基于此方法开展了涵道风扇壁面外形快速优化设计。结果表明：发展的方法有效降低了计算资源需求，同时保留了较高的精度；发展的方法同样可应用于非圆进出口的涵道风扇快速计算；基于CFD的流场分析表明：优化后的涵道喷口扩张角减小，降低了喷口流动的逆压梯度，消除了原本存在的流动分离，并且降低了桨盘入流速度从而提高了其效率，使得涵道风扇整体推进效率提高了20.7%，说明了此套涵道风扇初步快速优化方法在寻找优化方向上的有效性。
- 涵道螺旋桨 /
- 面元法 /
- 滑流管 /
- 快速计算 /
- 优化
Abstract:
The computational method of ducted propeller based on CFD requires much more resources and long time when it involves works such as iterative calculation and optimization. In order to effectively reduce the computational cost of these kinds of work in preliminary optimization, a fast calculation method for ducted propeller was developed by coupling the surface panel method with the slipstream tube wake model, and fast optimization design for the duct wall shape of a ducted fan based on this method was carried out. The results showed that the method effectively reduced the computing resource requirement, while retaining high accuracy. The method can also be applied to fast calculation of ducted fans with non-circular inlet and outlet. The flow field analysis based on CFD showed that the expansion angle of the duct wall was reduced, the adverse pressure gradient of the duct wall was curtailed, the existing flow separation was eliminated, and the inlet velocity of the impeller was lowered down, thereby improving its efficiency and increasing the overall propulsive efficiency of the ducted fan by 20.7%. It demonstrated the effectiveness of the preliminary rapid optimization method of the ducted fan in finding the optimal direction.
- ducted propeller /
- panel element method /
- slipstream tube /
- fast calculation /
- optimization

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图 1 涵道面元模型

Figure 1. Panel element model of duct

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图 2 螺旋桨升力线尾迹

Figure 2. Propeller lifting line wake

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图 3 滑流管模型

Figure 3. Slipstream tube model

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图 4 切向涡诱导速度示意

Figure 4. Induced velocity due to the tangential vortex

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图 5 轴向涡诱导速度示意

Figure 5. Induced velocity due to the axial vortex

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图 6 转子尾迹分段

Figure 6. Segment of rotor slipstream

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图 7 耦合计算框架

Figure 7. Coupled computing framework

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图 8 螺旋桨叶素速度三角形

Figure 8. Propeller element velocity triangle

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图 9 NASA涵道风扇壁面外形

Figure 9. Wall shape of NASA ducted fan

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图 10 方涵道外形（单位：mm）

Figure 10. Shape of square duct （unit: mm）

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图 11 变形后的涵内滑流管尾迹外形

Figure 11. Transformed wake shape of slipstream tube inside the duct

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图 12 涵道壁剖面压力分布

Figure 12. Pressure distribution of profile of duct wall

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图 13 基准圆涵道风扇外形（单位：mm）

Figure 13. Shape of base circle ducted fan （unit: mm）

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图 14 基准涵道壁剖面外形与控制点

Figure 14. Shape of base duct profile and control points

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图 15 优化流程

Figure 15. Optimization process

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图 16 涵道剖面外形优化结果

Figure 16. Optimization result of duct profile shape

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图 17 涵道风扇截面流场

Figure 17. Flow field of section of ducted fan

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图 18 涵道壁压力分布

Figure 18. Pressure distribution of duct wall

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图 19 中间径向位置截面叶素局部流场

Figure 19. Local flow field of blade element in the middle radial section

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表 1 涵道螺旋桨快速计算，CFD计算与实验测量结果

Table 1. Quick calculation, CFD calculation and experimental measurement results of ducted fan

参数	PM	MRF	MSM	MSM-Euler	EXP
总拉力/N	87.4	77	79.3	86.9	80
总拉力误差/%	9.25	3.75	0.86	7.73
桨拉力/N	62.6	55.4	56.4	55.4	60
桨拉力误差/%	4.33	7.67	6.0	7.67
转矩/（N·m）	4.63	4.56	4.22	4.17	4.58
转矩误差/%	1.09	0.44	7.86	8.95
耗时/h	0.3	7	2.1	1.1
内存占用/GB	1.2	20	3.9	3.9

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表 2 涵道风扇快速计算与CFD计算结果

Table 2. Quick calculation and CFD calculation results of ducted fan

参数	PM	CFD时均	MSM	MSM-Euler
总拉力/N	14.62	11.17	10.73	12.52
桨拉力/N	11.77	12.08	11.62	11.72
转矩/（N·m）	0.823	0.821	0.831	0.819

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表 3 优化外形CFD计算结果

Table 3. CFD calculation results of optimized shape

参数	base	opt
总拉力/N	7.27	9.76
桨盘拉力/N	8.62	10.34
转矩/（N·m）	0.66	0.729
轴功率/W	759	839
桨盘力效/（N/W）	0.0113	0.0124
推进效率	0.29	0.35

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