液体火箭推进剂交叉输送系统方案对比研究

杜飞平; 李翠; 程亦薇; 武定航; 厉彦忠; 徐元元

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220666

液体火箭推进剂交叉输送系统方案对比研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220666

杜飞平^1,,
李翠^1,*, ,,
程亦薇¹,
武定航¹,
厉彦忠^{1, 2},
徐元元²

1.
西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，西安 710049
2.
北京特种工程设计研究院航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室，北京 100028

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52176021）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助；航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室开放研究课题资助项目（SKLTSCP202012）

详细信息

作者简介:
杜飞平（1986-），男，教授，博士，研究领域为发动机设计、结构优化与系统动力学等

通讯作者:
李翠（1982-），女，副教授，博士，研究领域为航天低温推进剂技术等。E-mail：xjtucli@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V434
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-06
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-11

Comparison of flow characteristics between tank-to-tank and tank-to-manifold crossfeed systems for liquid rocket

DU Feiping^1
,,
LI Cui^{1,*
, ,},
CHENG Yiwei¹,
WU Dinghang¹,
LI Yanzhong^{1, 2},
XU Yuanyuan²

1.
School of Energy and Power Engineering，Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710049，China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Technologies in Space Cryogenic Propellants，Beijing Special Engineering Design and Research Institute，Beijing 100028，China

摘要

摘要:
针对管路间和贮箱间两种不同形式交叉输送系统，通过AMEsim软件分别构建仿真模型，对比研究两种系统的推进剂流动特性和系统故障响应特性。研究结果表明：正常工作状态下，贮箱间交叉输送具有更高的交叉输送流量，在助推分离时具有更稳定的流动特性，能实现芯级压力、流量的平稳过渡；管路间交叉输送（压差控制）则出现明显的水击现象，各特征点流量振荡强度均大于贮箱间交叉输送。缓冲罐可降低助推级脱离导致的压力波动，缓冲罐体积越大，芯级压力过渡越平缓。助推级发动机发生故障时，交叉输送技术可将故障侧多余推进剂输送至芯级或未故障助推级贮箱或发动机内，实现故障侧推进剂的充分利用和故障侧/非故障侧流量的重新分配，管路间交叉输送（压差控制）相比贮箱间流量分配更为均匀，两助推级贮箱推进剂消耗更为平衡。
- 液体火箭 /
- 交叉输送 /
- 贮箱间 /
- 管路间 /
- 水击
Abstract:
A study on the propellant crossfeed characteristics under both normal and engine-out conditions was described. Two transfer mechanisms, tank-to-tank and tank-to-manifold, were analyzed to optimize the performance and reduce the operational complexity. The results showed that the tank-to-tank transfer mechanism had higher crossfeed flow rate in the ascent stage and smoother transition to orbiter on booster staging in comparison with the tank-to-manifold mechanism. Buffer tank can significantly decrease the pressure fluctuation caused by the booster staging, and the larger buffer tank volume indicated the smoother transition of the orbiter pressure. When the booster engines were abnormally shut down, crossfeed could redistribute its remanent propellant between the orbiter or the non-fault booster, contributing to the full utilization of propellant in the malfunction booster. Moreover, the pressure-controlled tank-to-manifold mechanism was characterized by more uniform crossfeed flow distribution under abnormal engine-out conditions, helping to provide synchronous consumption of the two booster tanks despite its stronger water hammer phenomenon when the booster was staged.
- liquid rocket /
- crossfeed /
- tank-to-tank /
- tank-to-manifold /
- water hammer

HTML

图 1 管路间交叉输送系统图

Figure 1. Tank-to-manifold crossfeed system

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图 2 管路间交叉输送仿真模型图

Figure 2. Simulation model for the tank-to-manifold crossfeed system

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图 3 贮箱元件图

Figure 3. Components of tank system

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图 4 各工况气枕压力试验值与拟合值对比

Figure 4. Comparison of test and fitting results of ullage pressures at various conditions

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图 5 压差控制交叉输送系统故障工况控制时序

Figure 5. Sequence of engine-out conditions for the pressure-controlled crossfeed system

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图 6 压差控制交叉输送系统故障工况仿真与试验结果对比

Figure 6. Comparison of simulation and test results at engine-out conditions for the pressure-controlled crossfeed system

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图 7 压差控制交叉输送系统故障工况仿真与试验偏差

Figure 7. Relative deviations between the simulation and test results at engine-out conditions of the pressure-controlled crossfeed system

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图 8 管路间交叉输送仿真模型

Figure 8. Simulation model for the tank-to-manifold crossfeed system

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图 9 贮箱间交叉输送仿真模型

Figure 9. Simulation model for the tank-to-tank crossfeed sytem

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图 10 PID控制助推与芯级贮箱气枕压力

Figure 10. Ullage pressures of the PID controlled booster and orbiter tanks

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图 11 特征点压力变化

Figure 11. Pressure variations at different positions

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图 12 交叉路流量变化

Figure 12. Variation of the crossfeed flow rate

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图 13 助推级气枕压力对芯级贮箱液位高度的影响对比

Figure 13. Effects of the booster ullage pressure on the orbiter tank liquid level

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图 14 缓冲罐体积对水击强度的影响

Figure 14. Effect of buffer tank volume on water hammer intensities

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图 15 多故障工况不同交叉输送系统助推与芯级液位对比

Figure 15. Comparisons of the booster and orbiter liquid levels between different crossfeed systems at multiple engine-out conditions

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图 16 故障模式对交叉路流量影响

Figure 16. Effect of engine-out modes on the crossfeed flow rate

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图 17 故障模式水击强度

Figure 17. Water hammer intensities at different engine-out modes

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表 1 交叉输送技术应用情况

Table 1. Applications of crossfeed system

按结构分	按功能分	运载器型号
贮箱间交叉输送		航天飞机二代^[7]
贮箱间交叉输送		三级并联火箭飞行器^[8]
管路间交叉输送	单向交叉输送	安加拉^[9]
		波音RLV^[10]
		猎鹰重型^[3]
	双向交叉输送	土星1号^[11]
其他相似结构	外挂贮箱	航天飞机一代^[12]
其他相似结构	外挂发动机	宇宙神火箭^[13]

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表 2 交叉输送系统主要参数

Table 2. Main parameters of crossfeed systems

几何参数	助推级	芯级
体积/m³	3	7.3
ab段管路直径/mm	65	32
bc段管路直径/mm	32	32
泵前阀前管路长度/m	2.3	2.4
交叉管路直径/mm	65
贮箱间间距/m	2

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表 3 试验工况输入参数

Table 3. Input parameters of test conditions

试验工况	助推级	芯级
气枕压力/MPa	见图4	见图4
初始加注量/m³	2.68	3.72
流量/（L/s）	4.2（A_1, B_1, B_2） 3.9（A_2）	4.2

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表 4 贮箱间与管路间交叉输送系统流动特性对比

Table 4. Comparisons of flow characteristics between the tank-to-tank and tank-to-manifold crossfeed systems

变量		管路间交叉输送（压差控制）				贮箱间交叉输送
变量		B_{A_12}	O_{X_1}	C_{A_1}	C_{A_2}	B_{A_12}	O_{X_1}	C_{A_1}	C_{A_2}
稳态	压力/kPa	333	227	422	411	317	167	396	347
稳态	流量/（L/s）	4.2	4.2	4.17		4.2	4.2	8.75
瞬态	水击强度/kPa	35.44	80.26	45.60	90.00	17.85	0	30.77	6.10
	水击频率/Hz	100	50	100	50	100	0	100	333
	稳定时间/s	0.700	0.600	0.700	0.600	0.68	0	0.68	0.524
	流量振荡强度/（L/s）	0.015	0.074	0.0463		0.012	0	0.027
	流量振荡频率/Hz	100	50	100		100	0	100
	流量振荡稳定时间/s	0.6	0.6	0.7		0.6	0	0.6

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表 5 故障工况

Table 5. Engine-out conditions

故障模式		流量/（L/s）		故障时刻/s
故障模式		故障前	故障后	故障时刻/s
故障1	助推级A	4.2	0	34.5
故障1	助推级B	4.2	4.2	34.5
故障2	助推级A	4.2	2.1	34.5
故障2	助推级B	4.2	4.2	34.5

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表 6 不同交叉输送系统45 s时助推与芯级液位对比

Table 6. Comparison of the booster and orbiter liquid levels at 45 s between different crossfeed systems

工况		液位高度/cm
工况		助推级A	芯级	助推级B	A、B贮箱液位最低值	A、B贮箱液位差
无故障	管路间交叉输送（压差控制）	303.51	154.78	303.51	303.51	0
无故障	贮箱间交叉输送	280	167.8	280	280	0
故障1	管路间交叉输送（压差控制）	308.31	154.82	304.04	304.04	4.27
故障1	贮箱间交叉输送	284.52	168.02	280.14	280.14	4.38
故障2	管路间交叉输送（压差控制）	305.89	154.80	303.82	303.82	2.07
故障2	贮箱间交叉输送	282.17	167.93	280.08	280.08	2.09

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