Electrostatic monitoring of rolling bearings based on short-time Fourier transform and cepstrum
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摘要:
针对滚动轴承在常规监测方法下耦合多激励源问题,引入静电监测技术,提出了基于短时傅里叶变换及其倒频谱的故障特征提取方法。设计搭建了滚动轴承静电监测试验平台,采集正常和故障情况下滚动轴承的静电、振动信号。从静电信号的时域、频域和时频域角度对比研究,证明了使用时频分析联合倒频谱的方法能准确提取出与实际轴承故障位置相匹配的特征值;对比同步振动信号的故障特征,展现了静电信号低频特征突出、高频衰减快的特点。试验结果表明:滚动轴承发生早期磨损故障后会伴随强烈的静电现象产生。对静电信号进行短时傅里叶变换及倒频谱分析,能有效去除高频激励源,凸显出低频段内轴承故障特征。相比于振动检测,静电检测采集的信号源能较为直接地反映轴承故障信息,为设备故障诊断提供了一种思路。
Abstract:In view of the problem of coupling multiple excitation sources of rolling bearing under conventional monitoring methods, the electrostatic monitoring technology was introduced, and a fault feature extraction method based on short-time Fourier transform and cepstrum was proposed. A test platform for electrostatic monitoring of rolling bearing was designed and built to collect the electrostatic, vibration signals of rolling bearing under normal and fault conditions; from the perspective of time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain, it was proved that the method of time-frequency analysis combined with cepstrum can accurately extract the eigenvalues matching with the actual bearing fault location; by comparing with the fault characteristics of synchronous vibration signal, the low-frequency characteristics of electrostatic signals were prominent and the high-frequency attenuation was fast. The test results showed that the early wear failure of rolling bearing could be accompanied by strong electrostatic phenomenon. The short-time Fourier transform and cepstrum analysis of electrostatic signals can effectively remove the high-frequency excitation sources and highlight the bearing fault characteristics in low-frequency. Compared with vibration detection, the signal source collected by electrostatic detection can reflect the bearing fault information more directly, providing an idea for equipment fault diagnosis.
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Key words:
- electrostatic monitoring /
- rolling bearing /
- short-time Fourier transform /
- cepstrum /
- test verification
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表 1 滚动轴承主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of rolling bearings
轴承
型号节径
D/mm滚子
直径d/mm滚子数
Z接触角
$\varphi $/(°)6204-2Z 33.5 7.94 8 0 -
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