形状记忆合金梁式管接头密封性能数值研究

崔颖; 王大玮; 于颖嘉; 张宏翔; 刘志远

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220700

形状记忆合金梁式管接头密封性能数值研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220700

大连海事大学船舶与海洋工程学院，辽宁大连 116026

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（3132017007）

详细信息

作者简介:
崔颖（1977-），女，副教授、硕士生导师，博士，主要研究方向为发动机结构强度与振动控制、管路连接副结构设计与密封性能

通讯作者:
王大玮（1999-），男，硕士生，主要研究方向为形状记忆合金梁式管密封的密封性能与优化设计。E-mail：good4510@163.com

中图分类号: V231
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-03

Numerical study on the sealing performance of shape memory alloy beam seal

Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College， Dalian Maritime University，Dalian Liaoning 116026，China

摘要

摘要:
针对一种阴接头密封梁具有椭圆弧凹槽的形状记忆合金梁式管接头，利用ABAQUS软件建立考虑管内流体压力和温度的弹塑性有限元热力耦合模型，数值模拟得到阴、阳接头间的接触带宽和接触应力分布。基于逾渗理论与微观粗糙密封界面有限元接触分析，计算得到形状记忆合金材料密封界面泄漏概率为零的临界接触应力。结合第一道密封的接触应力分布，以S指数作为形状记忆合金梁式管接头密封性能的评价指标，数值模拟了预紧力、管内流体压力和温度对形状记忆合金梁式管接头密封性能影响。结果表明：在装配拧紧力矩范围内形状记忆合金梁式管接头密封性能随着预紧力增大而增强；密封性能随着管内流体压力的升高会提高，具有良好的自封性；在−50～200 ℃的管内流体温度范围内密封性能基本稳定，满足密封要求。数值分析表明在相同工作条件下形状记忆合金梁式管接头相比于不锈钢和钛合金梁式管接头具有更优的密封性能。
- 梁式管接头 /
- 形状记忆合金 /
- 密封性能 /
- 热力耦合 /
- 临界接触应力
Abstract:
In view of a shape memory alloy beam seal with elliptical arc groove in the female connector, the elastoplastic finite element thermodynamic coupling model considering the fluid pressure and temperature in the pipe was established by using ABAQUS software. The contact bandwidth and contact stress distribution between the female and male connectors were obtained by numerical simulation. Based on percolation theory and finite element contact analysis of micro rough sealing interface, the critical contact stress with zero leakage probability of shape memory alloy sealing interface was calculated. Combined with the contact stress distribution on the primary seal, S index was used as the evaluation criterion of the sealing performance of shape memory alloy beam seal. The effects of preload, fluid pressure and temperature on the sealing performance of shape memory alloy beam seal were numerically simulated. The results showed that within the range of assembly tightening torque, the sealing performance increased with the increase of preload; the sealing performance increased with the increase of fluid pressure in the pipe, indicating that it had good self-sealing feature; the sealing performance was basically stable within the fluid temperature range of −50— 200 ℃, which could meet the sealing requirements. Numerical analysis showed that shape memory alloy beam seal had better sealing performance than stainless steel and titanium alloy beam seal under the same working conditions.
- beam seal /
- shape memory alloy /
- sealing performance /
- thermal-mechanical coupling /
- critical contact stress

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图 1 SMA梁式管接头结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of SMA beam seal

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图 2 SMA梁式管接头结构参数定义

Figure 2. Definition of geometric parameters of SMA beam seal

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图 3 有限元计算接触面设置

Figure 3. Finite element model of contact surface settings

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图 4 梁式管接头网格划分

Figure 4. Mesh division of beam seal

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图 5 最大接触应力与网格数量的关系

Figure 5. Maximum contact stress versus mesh number

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图 6 阴接头两道密封接触应力分布

Figure 6. Contact stress distribution of two seals of female connector

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图 7 第一道密封的接触应力分布

Figure 7. Contact stress distribution on the primary sealing

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图 8 密封面塑性应变分布

Figure 8. Plastic strain distribution on the sealing surface

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图 9 泄漏概率随接触面积比的变化曲线

Figure 9. Leakage probability versus contact area ratio

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图 10 SMA粗糙面接触模型

Figure 10. SMA rough surface contact model

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图 11 接触面积比随接触应力的变化曲线

Figure 11. Contact area ratio versus contact stress

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图 12 S 指数求解示意图

Figure 12. Schematic of the S index solution

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图 13 第一道密封接触应力随预紧力变化

Figure 13. Contact stress distribution on the primary seal versus preloads

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图 14 不同预紧力下SMA梁式管接头S指数

Figure 14. S index of SMA beam seal versus preload

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图 15 不同流体压力SMA梁式管接头S指数

Figure 15. S index of SMA beam seal versus fluid pressure

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图 16 第一道密封接触应力随流体压力变化

Figure 16. Contact stress distribution on the primary seal versus fluid pressure

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图 17 SMA梁式管接头温度场分布云图

Figure 17. Contour of temperature field of SMA beam seal

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图 18 S指数随流体压力和温度的变化

Figure 18. S index versus presure and temperature of fluid

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图 19 SMA与不锈钢、钛合金梁式管接头S指数对比

Figure 19. Comparison of S index of SMA, stainless steel and titanium alloy beam seal

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表 1 SMA梁式管接头结构参数

Table 1. Geometric parameters of SMA beam seal

结构参数	数值
U形梁椭圆弧凹槽的长轴a/mm	1.66
U形梁椭圆弧凹槽的短半轴b/mm	0.30
第一道密封名义接触带宽c/mm	0.49
阳接头壁厚d/mm	2.70
U形口轴向长度e/mm	1.04
密封梁截面宽度h/mm	0.50
阴接头壁厚p/mm	1.55
锥面角α/（°）	8.50
阴接头倒角角度β/（°）	45.0
U形梁底部与阴接头外径的距离δ/mm	1.10
U形梁与径向的夹角θ/（°）	15.0

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表 2 NiTiFe塑性本构关系

Table 2. Plastic constitutive relationship of NiTiFe

真实应力/MPa	塑性应变	真实应力/MPa	塑性应变
600	0	750	0.03
650	0.01	800	0.06
700	0.02	850	0.1

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表 3 NiTiFe材料参数

Table 3. Material parameters of NiTiFe

密度/（g/cm³）	比热容/（J/（g·℃））	热膨胀系数/10⁻⁵ ℃⁻¹	泊松比
6.44	6	1.1	0.33

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表 4 NiTiFe各温度下的材料参数

Table 4. Material parameters of NiTiFe at various temperatures

温度/℃	导热系数/（W/（m·℃））	弹性模量/GPa
−50～0	20.09	91.27
0～50	20.90	89.00
50～100	21.71	86.28
100～150	22.68	84.47
150～200	23.49	81.75
200～250	24.46	79.48

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表 5 304不锈钢塑性本构关系

Table 5. Plastic constitutive relationship of 304 stainless steel

真实应力/MPa	塑性应变	真实应力/MPa	塑性应变
418	0	882	0.25
500	0.01581	908	0.35
605	0.02983	921	0.45
695	0.056	932	0.55
780	0.095	955	0.65
829	0.15	988	0.75

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表 6 TC4钛合金塑性本构关系

Table 6. Plastic constitutive relationship of TC4 titanium alloy

真实应力/MPa	塑性应变
900.0	0
922.5	0.001
945.0	0.002
967.5	0.003
990.0	0.004

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