Cooling characteristics analysis on impingement film with effusion under constant pressure difference
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摘要:
针对某型斜流驻涡燃烧室的火焰筒连续壁面短、气膜叠加效果差等问题，构建了冲击气膜/多斜孔复合的冷却结构。在等压差条件下开展了多种冷却方案的综合冷效试验研究，同时结合数值仿真，获得了冷/热流压差、狭缝-多斜孔间距比、冲击间距比等参数对流动和综合冷效的影响规律。结果表明：与单一的多斜孔和冲击气膜结构相比，冲击气膜/多斜孔复合冷却方案有效解决了气膜初始段冷效不高、轴向壁温分布不均匀的问题，面积平均综合冷效相比纯多斜孔冷却提升约3.2%；增大冷/热流压差可显著提高综合冷效，狭缝-多斜孔间距比过大不利于下游气膜的叠加，而冲击间距比的减小能够明显提升冲击气膜段的综合冷效。
Abstract:In response to the problem of short continuous liner wall and poor film stacking effect in a certain type of oblique flow vortex combustor, a combined impingement film and effusion cooling structure was constructed. Under the conditions of equal pressure difference, experimental study of multiple cooling schemes on the overall cooling effectiveness was carried out, and the influence laws of pressure difference between coolant and hot gas, the distance ratio between slit and effusion, and the impact spacing ratio on the flow and overall cooling effectiveness were obtained by combining the numerical simulation. The results showed that compared with the single effusion or impingement film structure, the impingement film composite effusion scheme solved the problems of low cooling effectiveness in the film initial section and uneven distribution of axial wall temperature, and average area overall cooling effectiveness was about 3.2% higher than effusion cooling. The increase of the pressure difference significantly improved the overall cooling effectiveness. The larger distance ratio between slit and effusion was not conducive to the stacking of the downstream cooling-film, while the reduction of the impact spacing ratio can improve the overall cooling efficiency of the impingement film section.
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图 2 热电偶测点示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of thermocouple measuring points （unit：mm）
图 6 斜流驻涡燃烧室模型和流动示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of model and flow of oblique flow vortex combustor
图 10 湍流模型对比（No.1方案，Δp=4.5 kPa）
Figure 10. Comparison of turbulence models（scheme of No.1，Δp=4.5 kPa）
图 11 不同冷却方案综合冷效对比（Δp=19.5 kPa，试验结果）
Figure 11. Comparison of overall cooling effectiveness of different cooling schemes （Δp=19.5 kPa，experimental results）
图 12 不同冷却方案的仿真结果 （Δp=19.5 kPa）
Figure 12. Simulation results of different cooling schemes （Δp=19.5 kPa）
图 13 不同压差下综合冷效对比（No.1方案，试验结果）
Figure 13. Comparison of overall cooling effectiveness of different pressure differences （scheme of No.1，experimental results）
图 14 综合冷效及Mpa随压差变化（No.1方案，试验结果）
Figure 14. Variation of overall cooling effectiveness and Mpa with pressure difference （scheme of No.1，experimental results）
图 15 不同Ln下综合冷效对比（试验结果）
Figure 15. Comparison of overall cooling effectiveness of different Ln （experimental results）
图 16 不同Ln下的仿真结果 （Δp =19.5 kPa）
Figure 16. Simulation results of different Ln （Δp =19.5 kPa）
图 17 不同Zn下综合冷效对比（Δp=19.5 kPa，试验结果）
Figure 17. Comparison of overall cooling effectiveness of different Zn （Δp=19.5 kPa，experimental results）
图 18 不同Zn下的仿真结果 （Δp =19.5 kPa）
Figure 18. Simulation results of different Zn （Δp =19.5 kPa）
图 19 所有结构平均综合冷效对比（试验结果）
Figure 19. Comparison of average overall cooling effectiveness of all cooling structures （experimental results）
图 20 所有结构Mpa对比（试验结果）
Figure 20. Comparison of Mpa of all cooling structures （experimental results）
表 1 几何结构参数
Table 1. Geometry parameters
方案 Dj/mm Yn1 Zn Ln Dm/mm Xn Yn2 No.1（基准） 1.2 1.6 1.5 15.56 0.5 8 4 No.2 1.2 1.6 1.5 20.00 0.5 8 4 No.3 1.2 1.6 1.5 24.44 0.5 8 4 No.4 1.2 1.6 1.0 15.56 0.5 8 4 No.5 1.2 1.6 2.0 15.56 0.5 8 4 No.6 1.2 1.6 1.5 15.56 No.7 0.5 8 4 
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表 2 物理量和相对测试不确定度
Table 2. Physical quantities and relative uncertainty
物理量 数值 不确定度/% Tc/K 314～324 ±（0.15～0.16） Th/K 473 ±0.11 Tw/K 323～353 ±（0.14～0.15） η 0.76～1.0 ±（0.13～1.65）
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表 3 试验工况参数
Table 3. Operating parameters of experiment
编号 冷流温度/K 冷流压力/kPa 热流温度/K 热流压力/kPa 1 318 106.325 473 101.825 2 318 112.325 473 101.825 3 318 121.325 473 101.825 4 318 127.325 473 101.825
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表 4 不同冷却方案Mpa和ηave对比（Δp=19.5 kPa，试验结果）
Table 4. Comparison of Mpa and ηave of different cooling schemes （Δp=19.5 kPa，experimental results）
方案 ηave Mpa No.1 0.903 0.61 No.6 0.868 0.68 No.7 0.875 0.57
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表 5 不同Ln下Mpa和ηave对比（试验结果）
Table 5. Comparison of Mpa and ηave of different Ln （experimental results）
方案 Δp=4.5 kPa Δp=19.5 kPa ηave Mpa ηave Mpa No.1 0.858 0.37 0.903 0.61 No.2 0.838 0.44 0.901 0.67 No.3 0.814 0.4 0.876 0.63
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表 6 不同Zn下Mpa和ηave对比（Δp=19.5 kPa，试验结果）
Table 6. Comparison of Mpa and ηave of different Zn （Δp=19.5 kPa，experimental results）
方案 ηave Mpa No.4 0.930 0.67 No.1 0.903 0.61 No.5 0.889 0.69
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