Experimental study on tribological performance between bristles and coating material pairs of brush seal
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摘要:
建立了基于圆盘摩擦的刷式密封摩擦因数实验识别模型，设计搭建了刷式密封刷丝与涂层材料配副摩擦学性能实验装置，设计加工了镍基刷丝GH4169、钴基刷丝GH605两种刷丝材料和WC、Zr2O3、Cr2O3、Al2O3四种涂层材料配副圆盘，实验研究了摩擦配副间的正压力、摩擦力、摩擦转矩、摩擦因数和磨损量，综合评价不同刷丝与涂层材料配副的摩擦学性能。研究结果表明：当涂层为WC时，考虑刷丝与涂层材料配副的正压力、摩擦力和摩擦转矩，钴基优于镍基刷丝，其中镍基刷丝和钴基刷丝与涂层材料配副的摩擦因数近似相同。当涂层为Zr2O3、Cr2O3时，考虑刷丝与涂层材料配副的正压力，钴基优于镍基刷丝；考虑刷丝与涂层材料配副的摩擦力、摩擦转矩和摩擦因数，镍基优于钴基刷丝；当涂层为Al2O3时，考虑刷丝与涂层材料配副的正压力、摩擦力和摩擦转矩，钴基优于镍基刷丝；考虑刷丝与涂层材料配副的摩擦因数，镍基优于钴基刷丝。镍基刷丝的磨损率约为钴基刷丝的6倍，在保护转子表面涂层的前提条件下，当转子表面涂层为WC、Zr2O3、Cr2O3、Al2O3时，镍基刷丝优于钴基刷丝。
Abstract:The experimental identification model of brush seal friction coefficient based on cylindrical circumferential friction was established, and the tribological performance experimental devices of brush seal wire and coating material pairs were designed and built. Two bristles materials, nickel-based bristles GH4169 and cobalt-based bristles GH605, and four coating materials, WC, Zr2O3, Cr2O3 and Al2O3, were designed and processed. The positive pressure, friction force, friction torque, friction coefficient and wear between friction pairs were experimentally studied, and the tribological properties of different bristles and coating materials were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that when the coating was WC, considering the positive pressure, friction force and friction torque of bristles and the coating material pair, the cobalt base bristles was superior to the nickel base bristles, and the friction coefficient of the nickel-based and cobalt-based bristles and the coating material pair was approximately the same. When the coating was Zr2O3 and Cr2O3, considering the positive pressure of bristles and the coating material, the cobalt-based bristles were better than the nickel-based bristles. Considering the friction force, friction torque and friction coefficient of bristles and coating material, nickel-based bristles were better than cobalt-based bristles. When the coating was Al2O3, considering the positive pressure, friction and friction torque of bristles and the coating material, the cobalt-based bristles were better than the nickel-based bristles. Considering the friction coefficient of bristles and coating material, the nickel-based bristles were better than the cobalt-based bristles. The wear rate of nickel-based bristles was about 6 times that of cobalt-based bristles. Under the precondition of protecting the rotor surface coating, when the rotor surface coating was WC, Zr2O3, Cr2O3, Al2O3, the nickel-based bristles were better than the cobalt-based bristles.
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Key words:
- brush seal /
- friction pair /
- friction and wear /
- friction torque /
- coefficient of friction
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图 2 “直接测力法”实验原理图
Figure 2. “Direct force measurement method” experimental schematic diagram
图 4 圆盘式刷式密封摩擦磨损特性实验装置实物图
Figure 4. Photos of experimental device for tribological characterization of disk-type brush seal
图 5 圆盘式刷式密封摩擦磨损特性实验装置示意图
Figure 5. Diagrams of experimental device for friction and wear characteristics of disc brush seal
图 6 扇形段刷式密封实验件示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of a segmented sector brush seal experimental parts
图 7 刷式密封刷丝与涂层材料配副的摩擦学性能实验方案示意图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of tribological properties of brush-seal bristles and coating material matching
图 8 不同刷丝与WC涂层配副的正压力变化曲线
Figure 8. Positive pressure change curves between different bristle and WC coating pairs
图 9 不同刷丝与WC涂层配副的摩擦力变化曲线
Figure 9. Friction force change curves between different bristle and WC coating pairs
图 10 不同刷丝与WC涂层配副的摩擦转矩变化曲线
Figure 10. Friction torque change curves between different bristle and WC coating pairs
图 11 不同刷丝与WC涂层配副的摩擦因数变化曲线
Figure 11. Friction coefficient change curves between different bristle and WC coating pairs
图 12 不同刷丝与Zr2O3涂层配副的正压力变化曲线
Figure 12. Positive pressure change curves between different bristle and Zr2O3 coating pairs
图 13 不同刷丝与Zr2O3涂层配副的摩擦力变化曲线
Figure 13. Friction force change curves between different bristle and Zr2O3 coating pairs
图 14 不同刷丝与Zr2O3涂层配副的摩擦转矩变化曲线
Figure 14. Friction torque change curves between different bristle and Zr2O3 coating pairs
图 15 不同刷丝与Zr2O3涂层配副的摩擦因数变化曲线
Figure 15. Friction coefficient change curves between different bristle and Zr2O3 coating pairs
图 16 不同刷丝与Cr2O3涂层配副的正压力变化曲线
Figure 16. Positive pressure change curves between different bristle and Cr2O3 coating pairs
图 17 不同刷丝与Cr2O3涂层配副的摩擦力变化曲线
Figure 17. Friction force change curves between different bristle and Cr2O3 coating pairs
图 18 不同刷丝与Cr2O3涂层配副的摩擦转矩变化曲线
Figure 18. Friction torque change curves between different bristle and Cr2O3 coating pairs
图 19 不同刷丝与Cr2O3涂层配副的摩擦因数变化曲线
Figure 19. Friction coefficient change curves between different bristle and Cr2O3 coating pairs
图 20 不同刷丝与Al2O3涂层配副的正压力变化曲线
Figure 20. Positive pressure change curves between different bristle and Al2O3 coating pairs
图 21 不同刷丝与Al2O3涂层配副的摩擦力变化曲线
Figure 21. Friction force change curves between different bristle and Al2O3 coating pairs
图 22 不同刷丝与Al2O3涂层配副的摩擦转矩变化曲线
Figure 22. Friction torque change curves between different bristle and Al2O3 coating pairs
图 23 不同刷丝与Al2O3涂层配副的摩擦因数变化曲线
Figure 23. Friction coefficient change curves between different bristle and Al2O3 coating pairs
图 25 不同材料刷丝与Zr2O3涂层配副时的磨损
Figure 25. Wear between different bristle and Zr2O3 coating pairs
图 26 不同材料刷丝与Cr2O3涂层配副时的磨损
Figure 26. Wear between different bristle and Cr2O3 coating pairs
图 27 不同材料刷丝与Al2O3涂层配副时的磨损
Figure 27. Wear between different bristle and Al2O3 coating pairs
表 1 扇形段实验件结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of the fan-shaped experimental parts
结构参数 数值 刷丝直径d/mm 0.08 刷丝厚度B/mm 0.8，1.0，1.2 刷丝长度L1/mm 10.3，10.4，10.5 前挡板轴向厚度L2/mm 1.0 后挡板轴向厚度L3/mm 2.0 前挡板与刷丝轴向间距e1/mm 1.0 压力平衡腔轴向宽度e2/mm 1.0 前挡板径向保护高度hf/mm 1.9 后挡板径向保护高度hr/mm 1.5，1.8，2.5 刷丝安装角θ/（°） 45 
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表 2 差异化实验件结构参数表
Table 2. Structure parameter table of differentiated experimental parts
类型 型号 后挡板保护
高度hr/mm刷丝束
厚度B/mm基本型 BS01 1.2 1.5 减小刷丝束
厚度BS02 1.2 1.3 BS03 1.2 1.1 提升后挡板
保护高度BS04 1.5 1.5 BS05 2.2 1.5 提升后挡板
保护高度BS06 1.5 1.5 BS07 2.2 1.5
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表 3 磨损实验前后刷式密封实验件质量对比
Table 3. Quality comparison of brush seal experimentparts before and after wear experiment
参数 磨损前/g 磨损后/g 磨损量/g 镍基-WC涂层 149.7427 149.7194 − 0.0233 钴基-WC涂层 150.0340 150.0408 + 0.0068 镍基-Zr2O3涂层 149.0684 148.9663 − 0.1021 钴基-Zr2O3涂层 150.2999 150.3498 + 0.0499 镍基-Cr2O3涂层 148.9601 148.9183 − 0.0418 钴基-Cr2O3涂层 151.1912 151.1870 − 0.0042 镍基-Al2O3涂层 148.7771 148.7489 − 0.0282 钴基-Al2O3涂层 150.4561 150.4436 − 0.0125
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