Experiment on the tail supersonic jets characteristics of an underwater vertically moving vehicle
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摘要:
针对水下航行体尾部绕流与超声速气体射流相互作用的流动问题，开展了水下垂直运动航行体的尾喷流特性实验，通过高速摄像系统记录空泡形态演变过程，并采用动态测力系统测量空泡流发展过程中航行体底部压力的脉动特征。结果表明：静水环境中超声速气体射流形成的空泡主体形态逐渐演变为类椭球状气囊，局部发生Rayleigh-Taylor失稳后出现鼓包现象，射流贯穿距离随喷管扩张比的增加而减少；剪切绕流中通气启动阶段可能形成不对称空泡壁面，绕流与射流相互作用进而导致空泡发生摆动，稳定工作阶段空泡摆动现象逐渐消失；射流对喷管近场不断产生扰动，航行体底部压力相继呈现瞬态冲击压力峰值、初期宽幅脉动、工作阶段高频脉动、出水后停止脉动的特征；航行体高速运动形成的剪切绕流可以抑制尾喷流高频振荡，200～
1200 Hz频带段内的压力振荡信号显著减少。Abstract:Considering the interaction between the flow around underwater vehicles and the supersonic gas jets, supersonic gas jets submerged in ambient liquid environment from a vertically moving vehicle were experimentally studied. In the experiments, a high-speed camera system was used to observe the evolution of the gas jet bubbles, and a dynamic pressure measurement system was used to measure the pressure fluctuation at underwater vehicle bottom. The results showed that the main shape of the cavity formed by the supersonic gas jets in still water gradually changed into quasi-ellipsoid ones. Due to the influence of Rayleigh-Taylor instability, the bulge phenomenon occurred in some domains close to the nozzle outlet. The jet penetration distance decreased with the increase of nozzle expansion ratios. For the tail jets characteristics of an underwater vertically moving vehicle, asymmetric cavity walls may be formed at the start-up stage of ventilation. The interaction between the flow around underwater vehicles and supersonic gas jets led to the cavity oscillations, which gradually disappeared in the working stage. The supersonic gas jets continuously disturbed the near-field flow, and the vehicle bottom pressure successively presented the characteristics of transient impact pressure peak, wide fluctuation in the initial stage, high frequency fluctuation in the working stage, and stable atmospheric pressure after water exit. The shear flow generated by the high-speed motion of the vehicle can suppress the high frequency oscillation of the tail jets, and the pressure oscillation in the 200—
1200 Hz frequency band was significantly reduced.-
Key words:
- underwater vehicle /
- vertically moving /
- tail supersonic jet /
- cavity /
- multiphase flow /
- flow field characteristics
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图 4 静水环境中通气启动阶段的空泡形态演化过程
Figure 4. Evolution of cavity during the start-up stage of ventilation in still water
图 5 静水环境中通气启动阶段的空泡轮廓曲线
Figure 5. Profiles of cavity during the start-up stage of ventilation in still water
图 6 不同扩张比喷管的射流贯穿距离变化曲线
Figure 6. Curves of jet penetration distance of nozzles with different expansion ratios
图 7 Vd=4 m/s工况下通气启动阶段的空泡形态演化过程
Figure 7. Evolution of cavity during the start-up stage of ventilation at Vd=4 m/s
图 8 通气启动阶段的空泡摆动过程
Figure 8. Cavity oscillation during the start-up stage of ventilation
图 10 水下航行体的尾部流场结构示意图
Figure 10. Flow structure pattern of the tail of underwater vehicles
图 11 静水环境中通气过程航行体底部压力变化曲线
Figure 11. Curves of pressure at vehicle bottom during ventilation in still water
图 12 不同运动工况下的航行体底部压力变化曲线
Figure 12. Curves of pressure at vehicle bottom under different velocities
图 13 航行体底部压力脉动强度随垂直运动速度的变化曲线
Figure 13. Curves of pressure pulsation intensity at vehicle bottom with vertical velocity
图 14 航行体底部压力脉动的幅值谱图
Figure 14. Amplitude spectrum of pressure pulsation at vehicle bottom
表 1 喷管出口流动参数理论计算结果
Table 1. Theoretical results of flow parameters at nozzle outlet
ξe $ Ma $ $ p/{p_{\text{0}}} $ $ T/{T_{\text{0}}} $ $ \rho /{\rho _{\text{0}}} $ 1.5 1.854 0.1602 0.5926 0.2703 4 2.940 0.0298 0.3664 0.0813 12 4.127 0.0056 0.2269 0.0245 
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