不同轴向间距对对转螺旋桨气动和声学特性的影响机理

冯和英; 崔盼望; 仝帆; 陈正武; 李抢斌

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220838

不同轴向间距对对转螺旋桨气动和声学特性的影响机理

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220838

冯和英^{1, 2},
崔盼望^{1, 2,},
仝帆^2,*, ,,
陈正武²,
李抢斌²

1.
湖南科技大学机械设备健康维护湖南省重点实验室，湖南湘潭 411201
2.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心气动噪声控制重点实验室，四川绵阳 621000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51875194，12102451）；湖南省自然科学基金（2022JJ30249）；湖南省教育厅优秀青年基金（20B226）

详细信息

作者简介:
冯和英（1983-），女，教授，博士，主要从事气动声学研究

通讯作者:
仝帆（1990-），男，高级工程师，博士，主要研究方向为叶轮机械气动声学、仿生降噪技术研究。E-mail：tongfan@cardc.cn

中图分类号: V211.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-02-21

Influence mechanism of different axial spacings on aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of counter-rotating propeller

FENG Heying^{1, 2},
CUI Panwang^{1, 2
,},
TONG Fan^{2,*
, ,},
CHEN Zhengwu²,
LI Qiangbin²

1.
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment，Hunan University of Science and Technology，Xiangtan Hunan 411201，China
2.
Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control，China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center，Mianyang Sichuan 621000，China

摘要

摘要:
基于非线性谐波法和声类比理论，研究了转子轴向间距对对转螺旋桨气动特性和噪声的影响规律及其物理机制。以某型对转螺旋桨为研究对象，研究了6种具有不同转子轴向间距的对转螺旋桨模型。计算结果表明：对转螺旋桨转子轴向间距的变化对对转螺旋桨总效率有一定的影响，对总拉力系数和总功率系数影响不大。转子轴向间距的增大，对前后排转子之间的轴向速度有显著的影响，对转子后气流轴向速度影响不大。随着转子轴向间距的增大，前后排转子之间的径向速度逐渐减小，进而减弱了对转螺旋桨转子间的滑流收缩。通过改变转子轴向间距，相比最小轴向间距，对转螺旋桨噪声最大降低约10 dB，干涉噪声降低约10 dB以上，效率提升了1.4%。随着转子轴向间距的增大，前排转子85%叶高处的压力面和吸力面1阶谐波压力幅值在尾缘处分别降低1836 Pa（89%）和1277 Pa（90%），后排转子75%叶高处的压力面和吸力面3阶谐波压力幅值在前缘处分别降低266 Pa（78%）和209 Pa（85%）。
- 对转螺旋桨 /
- 开式转子 /
- 轴向间距 /
- 非线性谐波法 /
- 滑流流场 /
- 气动干扰
Abstract:
Based on the nonlinear harmonic method and acoustic analogy theory, the influences of rotor axial spacing on the aerodynamic characteristics and noise of counter-rotating propeller and its physical mechanism were studied. Taking a certain type of counter-rotating propeller as the research object, six kinds of counter-rotating propeller models with different rotor axial spacings were studied. The calculation results showed that change of the axial spacing of the counter-rotating propeller rotor had a certain influence on the overall efficiency of the counter-rotating propeller, but had little influence on the total pull coefficient and total power coefficient. The increase of rotor axial spacing had a significant impact on the axial velocity between the front and rear rotors, but had little impact on the axial velocity of air flow behind the rotor. With the increase of the axial distance between rotors, the radial velocity between the front and rear rotors decreased gradually, and then the slipstream contraction between rotors of counter-rotating propeller was weakened. By changing the axial spacing of the rotor, compared with the minimum axial spacing, the maximum noise of the counter-rotating propeller was reduced by about 10 dB, the interference noise was reduced by more than 10 dB, and the efficiency was increased by 1.4%. With the increase of rotor axial spacing, the amplitude of the first harmonic pressure on the pressure surface and suction surface at 85% of the blade height of the front rotor decreased by 1836 Pa (89%) and 1277 Pa (90%), respectively, at the trailing edge, and the amplitude of the third harmonic pressure on the pressure surface and suction surface at 75% of the blade height of the rear rotor decreased by 266 Pa (78%) and 209 Pa (85%), respectively, at the leading edge.
- counter-rotating propeller /
- open rotor /
- axial spacing /
- nonlinear harmonic method /
- slipstream flowfield /
- aerodynamic interactions

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图 1 对转螺旋桨的几何布局

Figure 1. Geometric layout of counter-rotating propeller

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图 2 转子轴向间距示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of rotor spacing

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图 3 不同轴向间距的计算模型

Figure 3. Calculation model of different axial spacings

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图 4 计算域与边界条件示意图

Figure 4. Sketch of computation domain and boundary conditions

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图 5 网格无关性验证

Figure 5. Grid independence verification

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图 6 不同轴向间距S对前排转子气动性能的影响

Figure 6. Influence of different axial spacing S on aerodynamic performance of front rotor

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图 7 不同轴向间距S对后排转子气动性能的影响

Figure 7. Influence of different axial spacing S on aerodynamic performance of rear rotor

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图 8 不同轴向间距S对对转螺旋桨气动性能的影响

Figure 8. Influence of different axial spacing S on aerodynamic performance of counter-rotating propeller

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图 9 子午面流线及马赫数云图

Figure 9. Streamline and Mach number cloud map on a meridional plane

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图 10 对转螺旋桨不同截面位置示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of different cross-section position of the counter-rotating propeller

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图 11 对转螺旋桨轴向时均速度的径向分布

Figure 11. Radial profiles of the time-averaged axial velocity of the counter-rotating propeller

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图 12 对转螺旋桨径向时均速度的径向分布

Figure 12. Radial profiles of radial time-averaged velocity of the counter-rotating propeller

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图 13 传声器位置示意图

Figure 13. Microphone location diagram

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图 14 不同频率下对转螺旋桨声指向性

Figure 14. Acoustic directivity of counter-rotating propellers at different frequencies

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图 15 对转螺旋桨远场辐射噪声总声压级分布

Figure 15. Total sound pressure level distribution of far field radiated noise from counter-rotating propeller

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图 16 不同角度下总声压级随转子轴向间距的变化

Figure 16. Variation of total sound pressure level with rotor axial spacing at different angles

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图 17 前排转子叶片表面上的1阶谐波压力幅值分布

Figure 17. 1st harmonic pressure amplitude distribution on the front row rotor blade surface

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图 18 85%叶高处前排转子1阶谐波压力幅值

Figure 18. 1st harmonic pressure amplitude of front rotor at 85% blade height

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图 19 后排转子叶片表面上的3阶谐波压力幅值分布

Figure 19. 3rd harmonic pressure amplitude distribution on the rear rotor blade surface

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图 20 75%叶高处后排转子3阶谐波压力幅值

Figure 20. 3rd harmonic pressure amplitude of rear rotor at 75% blade height

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表 1 对转螺旋桨几何参数

Table 1. Geometric parameters of counter-rotating propeller

参数	前排转子	后排转子
叶片数	6	6
转速/（r/s）	107.5	−107.5
直径D/m	0.658	0.658

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表 2 气动力网格无关性验证

Table 2. Grid independence verification for aerodynamic performance

网格数量/10⁴	推力/N		误差/%
网格数量/10⁴	前排	后排	前排	后排
600	−558.78	−618.00	−0.15	−1.44
1000	−558.96	−625.80	−0.12	−0.20
1300	−559.62	−627.00
2000	−559.00	−627.60	−0.11	0.10

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