轴向力对火箭发动机涡轮泵动力学的影响分析

苏越; 许开富; 高永强; 廖明夫; 金路; 王伟; 邹果

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220859

轴向力对火箭发动机涡轮泵动力学的影响分析

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220859

苏越^1,,
许开富²,
高永强¹,
廖明夫^1,*, ,,
金路²,
王伟²,
邹果¹

1.
西北工业大学动力与能源学院，西安 710129
2.
中国航天科技集团有限公司西安航天动力研究所，西安 710100

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（2017-Ⅳ-0001-0038）；中央高校基本科研业务费（D5000210486）

详细信息

作者简介:
苏越：苏越（1992-），男，副教授，博士，主要从事发动机结构动力学和结构强度研究。E-mail：suy@nwpu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
廖明夫（1960-），男，教授，博士，主要从事航空发动机结构动力学和风能工程方面的研究。E-mail：mfliao@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V434.21
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-11
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-22

Influence of axial force on dynamic behavior of rocket engine turbopump

SU Yue^1
,,
XU Kaifu²,
GAO Yongqiang¹,
LIAO Mingfu^{1,*
, ,},
JIN Lu²,
WANG Wei²,
ZOU Guo¹

1.
School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710129，China
2.
Xi’an Aerospace Propulsion Institute，China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation，Xi’an 710100，China

摘要

摘要:
作为运输推进剂的重要部件，涡轮泵已成为火箭发动机的核心，其在高速运转中承受的轴向力对振动有显著影响。为揭示轴向力对动力学响应的影响机制，从接触角切入，建立轴承刚度理论模型，阐明刚度随转速及轴向力的变化规律。同时，设计包含辅助支承的涡轮泵转子试验器，发现轴向力可显著降低转子不平衡响应。进一步，利用传递矩阵法和不平衡响应，建立基于实测数据的刚度辨识方法，获得试验辨识结果并与理论值对比。研究发现轴向力引入后刚度增加了30%，同时转子振幅突增现象消失。表明轴向力对轴承刚度的改善是动力学减振的重要机理，从而为减振设计提供理论基础。
- 液体火箭发动机 /
- 涡轮泵 /
- 轴向力 /
- 轴承刚度 /
- 动力学响应
Abstract:
As an important component for transporting propellant, the turbopump has become the core of the rocket engine. Its axial force in high-speed operation has a significant effect on vibration. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics, a theoretical model of bearing stiffness was established. The evolution law of bearing stiffness with rotational speed and axial force was clarified. Besides, a rotor tester including auxiliary supports was designed, and the influence of axial force on the rotor dynamics was explored through tests. Furthermore, through the transfer matrix method and the unbalanced response, a stiffness identification model based on the measured data was established. It was found that the stiffness increased significantly by 30%, after the axial force was introduced. And the sudden increase of the vibration amplitude did not occur. This shows that the improvement of stiffness by axial force is an important mechanism of vibration reduction, thus providing a theoretical basis for dynamic design.
- liquid rocket engine /
- turbopump /
- axial force /
- bearing stiffness /
- rotor dynamics response

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图 1 涡轮泵主要结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the turbo pump rotor

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图 2 轴承辅助支承装置

Figure 2. Auxiliary supporting device of bearing

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图 3 试验器系统示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the tester system

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图 4 第j个滚珠受载位移示意图

Figure 4. Diagram of loading displacement of jth ball

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图 5 内外环曲率中心受载位置图

Figure 5. Distance between ball and curvature center of inner and outer rings

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图 6 滚动体受力示意图

Figure 6. Diagram of ball under load

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图 7 参数计算流程

Figure 7. Calculation flow chart of paramerers

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图 8 轴承刚度辨识流程

Figure 8. Bearing stiffness identification process

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图 9 转子系统的有限元离散模型

Figure 9. Discrete model of rotor system

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图 10 轴向力对刚度理论数值的影响

Figure 10. Influence of axial force on the theoretical value of stiffness

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图 11 转速对刚度理论值的影响

Figure 11. Influence of speed on the theoretical value of stiffness

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图 12 涡轮配重1.93 g∠180°前后幅频曲线

Figure 12. Amplitude-frequency curve before and after adding unbalance at the turbine end 1.93 g∠180°

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图 13 轴端添加5.2 g∠170°配重前后幅频曲线

Figure 13. Amplitude-frequency curve before and after adding unbalance at the shaft end 5.2 g∠170°

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图 14 涡轮添加配重1.17 g∠10°前后幅频曲线（F_a=1850 N）

Figure 14. Amplitude-frequency curve before and after adding unbalance at the turbine end 1.17 g∠10° （F_a=1850 N）

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图 15 安装辅助支承前后的转子幅频特性曲线对比

Figure 15. Comparison of rotor amplitude-frequency characteristic curves before and after installation of auxiliary supports

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图 16 轴向力及转速对轴承刚度的影响

Figure 16. Influence of axial force and speed on the bearing stiffness of turbo pump

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表 1 辅助支承的刚度数值

Table 1. Stiffness values of auxiliary supports

参数	载荷/kN
参数	1	2	3	4	5
平均位移/mm	0.39	0.78	1.17	1.57	1.96
刚度值/10⁶ （N/m）	2.56	2.56	2.56	2.55	2.55

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表 2 盘单元参数

Table 2. Parameters of disk element

位置	径向转动惯量/ （kg·m²）	极转动惯量/ （kg·m²）	质量/ kg	节点编号
诱导轮	0.006842	0.00899	3.025	7
离心轮	0.02731	0.05027	6.978	10
涡轮	0.03904	0.07707	8.86	27

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表 3 轴承基本参数

Table 3. Parameters of bearing element

参数	数值
密度/（g/cm³）	7.75
弹性模量/GPa	200
泊松比	0.29
滚珠数	10
内径/mm	70
外径/mm	125
滚珠直径/mm	17.46

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