Optimization design method for reducing aerodynamic force of turbine rotor blade
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摘要:
针对涡轮级叶列之间流场干扰诱发下游动叶非定常气动激振力的物理问题，提出了一种涡轮导叶与动叶联合匹配优化以降低动叶气动激振力的气动设计方法。研究表明：采用该方法不仅使得所研究涡轮动叶气动激振力的时均值下降8%，而且其他相位的动叶气流激振特性也获得改善，说明了该气动优化设计方法的可行性。此外，优化后的涡轮导叶具有明显的弯掠特征，弯掠导叶有助于降低下游动叶的非定常气动激振力，这是涡轮非定常气动设计技术对于“弯曲叶片”流动机理的新认识，非常值得开展更加深入的研究工作。
Abstract:In view of the physical problem of unsteady aerodynamic excitation force induced by flow interaction between turbine stage blades, an aerodynamic optimization design method for both turbine guide vanes and rotor blades was proposed and carried out. The research results indicated that not only the time-average aerodynamic force of the turbine rotor blade was reduced by about 8%, but also the aerodynamic excitation characteristics of other phases were improved for rotor blade. The results indicated the feasibility of this aerodynamic optimization design method. Moreover, the optimized guide vane had obvious curved and swept feature, allowing to reduce the unsteady aerodynamic excitation force of downstream rotor blade. This is a new understanding of the flow mechanism of “curved blades” in turbine unsteady aerodynamic design technology field, which is very worthy of further research.
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Key words:
- unsteady aerodynamic force /
- flow matching /
- aerodynamic optimization /
- wake interaction /
- shock wave
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图 1 级间测量截面非定常气体速度对比
Figure 1. Comparison of unsteady gas velocity in interstage measurement plane
图 3 单个动叶气动激振力时域特性
Figure 3. Time domain characteristics of aerodynamic forces for one rotor blade
图 4 动叶气动激振力与涡轮性能时均特性
Figure 4. Aerodynamic force of rotor blade and time averaged characteristics of turbine
图 5 动叶进口截面静压时均值分布特性
Figure 5. Time averaged characteristics of inlet sections of rotors under static pressure
图 6 动叶进口截面静压时均值积分
Figure 6. Time mean integral of inlet section of rotor under static pressure
图 7 优化前后涡轮几何特性对比（降低气动激振力设计）
Figure 7. Comparison of turbine geometric characteristics before and after optimization （to reduce aerodynamic force）
图 8 优化前后涡轮叶片三维特征对比
Figure 8. Comparison of three-dimensional characteristics of turbine blades before and after optimization
表 1 高压涡轮主要设计参数
Table 1. Main design parameters of high pressure turbine
参数 数值 质量流量/（kg/s） 5.725 物理转速/（r/min） 48491 进口总温/K 1 350.3 进口总压/kPa 1469.134 出口总温/K 1074.73 出口总压/kPa 452.871 导向器叶片数 19 转子叶片数 50 动叶叶尖间隙/mm 0.5 
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