倾转四旋翼飞行器地面效应和水面效应数值模拟

王军杰; 陈仁良; 俞志明; 王志瑾; 陆嘉鑫

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220892

倾转四旋翼飞行器地面效应和水面效应数值模拟

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220892

王军杰^{1, 2},
陈仁良^2,*, ,,
俞志明³,
王志瑾²,
陆嘉鑫²

1.
江苏科技大学机械工程学院燃气轮机与流体机械实验室，江苏镇江 212000
2.
南京航空航天大学航空学院直升机动力学全国重点实验室，南京 210016
3.
南昌航空大学飞行器工程学院，南昌 330063

基金项目: 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目；江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目（KYCX20_0217）

详细信息

作者简介:
王军杰（1990-），男，博士生，主要从事旋翼类飞行器空气动力学和总体设计研究

通讯作者:
陈仁良（1963-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事直升机飞行力学和空气动力学研究。E-mail：crlae@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V212.44
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-21
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-23

Numerical simulation of ground effect and water surface effect of quad tilt rotor aircraft

1.
Laboratory of Gas Turbine and Fluid Machinery, School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212000, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics，College of Aerospace Engineering，Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Nanjing 210016，China
3.
School of Aircraft Engineering，Nanchang Hangkong University，Nanchang 330063，China

摘要

摘要:
采用基于滑移网格技术生成围绕旋翼、机翼、机身的组合网格，流体体积（VOF）模型识别多相流，建立适用于两栖倾转四旋翼飞行器的非定常数值方法，并设计试验进行验证。研究了倾转四旋翼飞行器在地面、水面作用下的气动性能，并与无地面效应情况进行比较。结果表明：受地面、水面阻塞影响，在旋翼下方均会产生高压区，增加倾转四旋翼飞行器旋翼的升力，减小机翼负升力，增加机身升力，但当离地/水面高度大于旋翼直径时，可认为无影响；水表面受到来自旋翼的下洗流冲击，形成柔性“水坑”，加大了旋翼与阻塞面之间的距离，使得相同离地高度时，水面效应增升作用低于地面效应，但强于无地面效应状态；水面效应流场更复杂，沿着的排水区凹表面的气流在旋翼周围形成旋涡环流。
- 倾转四旋翼飞行器 /
- 地面效应 /
- 喷泉效应 /
- 水面效应 /
- 气动干扰
Abstract:
A combined grid around the rotor, wing and fuselage was generated based on the sliding grid technology. The volume of fluid (VOF) model was used to identify the multiphase flow. An unsteady numerical simulation method suitable for the amphibious quad tilt rotor (QTR) aircraft was established and verified by design tests. The aerodynamic performance of the QTR aircraft under the ground and water surface effect was studied and compared with that without the ground effect. The results showed that, due to the blockage of the ground and water surface, there existed a high-pressure zone under the rotor, which may increase the lift of the rotor, reducing the negative lift of the wing, and increasing the lift of the fuselage of the QTR. However, when the height above the ground/water surface was greater than rotor diameter, no ground effect can be considered; the water surface was impacted by the downwash flow from the rotor, forming a flexible “drainage area”, which increased the distance between the rotor and the blocking surface, so that at the same distance from the ground, the increased lift under the water surface effect was lower than that under the ground effect but stronger than that without ground effect; the water surface effect flow field was more complex, the airflow along the concave surface of the drainage area formed a vortex circulation around the rotor.
- quad tilt rotor aircraft /
- ground effect /
- fountain effect /
- water surface effect /
- aerodynamic interference

HTML

图 1 倾转四旋翼飞行器几何图

Figure 1. Design drawing of QTR aircraft

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图 2 倾转四旋翼飞行器简化图

Figure 2. Simplified diagram of QTR aircraft

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图 3 地面效应边界条件

Figure 3. Boundary conditions under ground effect

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图 4 水面效应边界条件

Figure 4. Boundary conditions under water surface effect

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图 5 旋翼非结构网格

Figure 5. Dynamic domain grid of rotor

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图 6 旋翼边界层网格

Figure 6. Boundary layer grid of rotor

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图 7 机身周围网格图

Figure 7. Grid around fuselage

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图 8 旋翼边界层流速分布

Figure 8. Boundary layer velocity distribution of rotor

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图 9 试验原理示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of experimental principle

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图 10 自制试验台

Figure 10. Self-made test stand

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图 11 旋翼升力系数与网格数量的关系

Figure 11. Relationship of lift coefficient of rotor and mesh density

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图 12 机翼升力与时间步长的关系

Figure 12. Relationship of lift history of wing and time steps

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图 13 CFD计算值与试验值对比

Figure 13. Comparison of the CFD calculated and experimental values

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图 14 地面效应下各部件的非定常气动载荷

Figure 14. Unsteady aerodynamic load of components under ground effect

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图 15 地面效应下倾转四旋翼流场图

Figure 15. Flow field diagram of QTR under ground effect

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图 16 水面效应下各部件的非定常气动载荷

Figure 16. Unsteady aerodynamic load of components under water surface effect

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图 17 旋翼旋转前后水面变化

Figure 17. Change of water surface before and after rotor rotation

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图 18 水面效应下倾转四旋翼流场图

Figure 18. Flow field diagram of QTR under water surface effect

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图 19 旋翼和机翼升力和扭矩与离地高度的关系

Figure 19. Relationship of rotor and wing lift and torque and different ground clearances

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表 1 倾转四旋翼飞行器主要参数

Table 1. Main parameters of QTR aircraft

参数	数值
设计总质量/kg	80
半径/m	0.58
特征弦长/m	0.057
桨叶片数	3
旋翼实度	0.076
短舱倾转角/（°）	0～90
旋翼转速/（r/min）	2400
前、后机翼展长/m	1.6, 2.2
前、后机翼弦长/m	0.3, 0.3
前、后机翼安装角/（°）	6.5, 3
电动机数量	4
单个电动机功率/kW	4.8
机身特征长度/m	2.4
机身特征面积/m²	0.12

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