AC-DC integrated aviation power generation system based on dual winding induction generator
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摘要:
为了满足飞机多电化对于航空发电系统提出的高功率密度、高品质供电以及交直流混合供电的要求，对比分析了多种交直流集成发电方案，并分析了其优势与不足，提出了一种基于双绕组感应发电机的航空交直流集成发电系统。该系统充分利用了双绕组感应发电机定子有两套三相绕组的特点，能够很好的实现交直流集成发电。在进行发电机初步设计后，基于多目标优化算法，以效率和功率密度为目标对双绕组感应发电机进行优化设计，采用交直流集成发电自抗扰控制策略，以提高该系统动态性能与负载适应性。最后研制了一台60 kW（交流24 kW，直流36 W）的双绕组感应发电机原理样机，实验结果显示，该交直流集成发电系统在交流侧突增、突卸负载时，电压突变在±10 V以内，恢复时间不超过25 ms，在直流侧突增、突卸负载时，电压波动在±30 V以内，恢复时间不超过45 ms，具有良好的动态性能和稳态性能，能够实现发电系统的高品质交直流集成发电。研究成果表明，基于双绕组感应发电机的航空交直流集成发电系统有望为我国多电飞机发电系统提供一种有竞争力的可选方案。
Abstract:In order to meet the requirements for high power density, high-quality power supply and AC-DC hybrid power supply for aviation power generation system proposed by aircraft multi-electrification, a variety of AC-DC integrated power generation schemes were compared, and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. An AC-DC integrated power generation system based on dual winding induction generator was proposed. The system made full use of the dual-winding induction generator stator with two sets of three-phase windings, so it can achieve a good AC-DC integrated power generation. After preliminary design of the generator, based on the multi-objective optimization algorithm, the dual-winding induction generator was optimized and designed with the objectives of efficiency and power density. An AC-DC integrated power generation control strategy based on active disturbance rejection control was adopted to improve the dynamic performance and load adaptability of the system. Finally, a generator of 60 kW (24 kW AC, 36 kW DC) dual-winding induction generator principle prototype was developed, and the experimental results verified that when the AC side increased and offloaded abruptly, the voltage changed within ±10 V and the recovery time was not more than 25 ms; when the DC side increased and offloaded abruptly, the voltage fluctuated within ±30 V and the recovery time was not more than 45 ms. The system with good dynamic and steady-state performance can realize high-quality AC-DC integrated power generation. Research results showed that the aero-AC-DC integrated power generation system based on dual-winding induction generator is expected to provide a competitive alternative for the multi-electric aircraft power generation system.
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图 1 三级式无刷同步发电机发电系统结构框图
Figure 1. Structure block diagram of three-stage brushless synchronous generator power generation system
图 2 并联式感应发电机交直流集成发电系统
Figure 2. AC-DC integrated power generation system of parallel induction generator
图 3 开绕组式感应发电机交直流集成发电系统
Figure 3. AC-DC integrated power generation system of open-winding induction generator
图 4 基于DWIG的航空交直流集成发电系统
Figure 4. Integrated aviation AC/DC power generation system based on DWIG
图 8 DWIG优化变量相关性分析结果
Figure 8. Results of correlation analysis of DWIG optimization variables
图 9 效率和电磁质量模型COP分布
Figure 9. COP distribution of efficiency and electromagnetic weight models
图 12 交直流集成发电自抗扰控制策略
Figure 12. AC-DC integrated power generation control strategy based on active disturbance rejection
图 17 DWIG交直流集成发电系统实验平台
Figure 17. DWIG AC-DC integrated power generation system experimental platform
图 18 交直流集成发电稳态实验结果
Figure 18. Steady state experimental results of AC-DC integrated power generation
图 19 交直流集成发电动态实验结果
Figure 19. Dynamic experimental results of AC-DC integrated power generation
表 1 DWIG初步设计参数
Table 1. DWIG preliminary design parameters
mm 参数 数值 参数 数值 定子齿宽bst 6.5 定子内径Dsi 71 定子轭厚hsj 14.5 转子轭厚hrj 35 定子槽深hs2 15 铁芯长度lef 135 定子槽口深hs0 0.8 转子槽口深hr0 0.8 定子槽肩高hs1 1.2 转子槽肩高hr1 1.2 定子槽开口bs0 2.5 转子槽开口br0 0.5 
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表 2 DWIG各输出变量的主要影响因素
Table 2. Main influencing factors of each output variable in DWIG
输出变量 主要影响因素 效率 lef，bst，hs2，hsj 电磁质量 lef，Dsi，hsj 功率因数 bst，lef 定子齿部磁密 bst，lef 定子轭部磁密 hsj，lef 转子齿部磁密 bst，lef 转子轭部磁密 hrj，lef 气隙磁密 Dsi，lef 定子电流密度 bst，lef 转子导条电流密度 bst，hrj ，Dsi
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表 3 DWIG优化设计参数
Table 3. DWIG optimization design parameters
mm 参数 数值 参数 数值 定子齿宽bst 7 定子内径Dsi 70 定子轭厚hsj 20 转子轭厚hrj 30 定子槽深hs2 14.5 铁芯长度lef 110
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表 4 样机参数
Table 4. Prototype parameters
参数 数值 极对数 1 额定功率/kVA 60 额定转速/（r/min） 24000 交流额定电压有效值/V 115 直流母线额定电压/V 270 直流母线电容 CcDC/μF 4000 滤波电容 C/μF 28 激磁电感 Lm/mH 1.5 直流绕组电阻 Rc/Ω 0.012 直流绕组漏感 Lc/μH 30.21 交流绕组电阻 Rp/Ω 0.018 交流绕组漏感 Lp/μH 30.21 转子等效电阻 Rr/Ω 0.006 绕组有效匝比（Np/Nc） 1.066
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