基于叶型常数的航空发动机叶片高温高周疲劳应力预测技术

罗现强; 代江波; 符顺国; 郜伟强

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220913

基于叶型常数的航空发动机叶片高温高周疲劳应力预测技术

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220913

中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院，成都 610500

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（2017-Ⅴ-0009）

详细信息

作者简介:
罗现强（1991-），男，高级工程师，主要从事结构疲劳强度试验研究

中图分类号: V232.4
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- 文章访问数: 430
- HTML浏览量: 375
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-28
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-07

Forecast technology of aero engine blade HCF stress at high temperatures based on blade profile constant

Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Chengdu 610500，China

摘要

摘要:
依据共振状态下悬臂梁振动应力的表达式，定义了不随温度变化而变化的叶型常数；通过在常温下测试叶片一阶共振应力与振幅的线性关系，可求出该常数。结合高温下容易测试的振幅、共振频率等参数，实现了高温状态下共振应力的预测。通过高温应变计对涡轮叶片进行了 500、600、800、900 ℃的应变、振幅测试试验。实际测试结果与预测结果的比较表明，该预测技术是可行的，可以在不使用高温应变计的情况预测叶片在高温下的应力。应变绝对误差小于 5×10⁻⁵。
- 高周疲劳 /
- 振动测试 /
- 叶型常数 /
- 涡轮叶片 /
- 高温应变计
Abstract:
According to the expression of vibration stress of the cantilever beam under the resonance state, the blade shape constant which wouldn’t change with temperature change was defined. This constant can be calculated by testing the linear relationship between the first-order resonance stress and the amplitude of the blade at room temperature. Combined with amplitude and resonance frequency, which were easy to test at high temperature, the prediction of resonance stress at high temperature was realized. Turbine blade strain and amplitude were tested at 500, 600, 800 ℃ and 900 ℃ by high temperature strain gage. Comparison between true result and forecast result showed the applicability of the forecast technology. Absolute Strain error was less than 5×10⁻⁵.
- high cycle fatigue /
- vibration test /
- blade shape constant /
- turbine blade /
- strain gage for high temperature

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图 1 等截面梁模型

Figure 1. Constant section beam model

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图 2 叶片高周疲劳示意图

Figure 2. Diagram of high cycle fatigue of blade

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图 3 涡轮叶片高温应变片测试

Figure 3. High temperature strain gage for turbine blade

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图 4 常温下振幅与应变的拟合线性关系

Figure 4. Linear relation between stain and amplitude at normal temperature

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图 5 高温应变测试

Figure 5. Strain test at high temperature

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表 1 常温下高温喷涂应变片测试值与振幅关系

Table 1. Relationship between test values and amplitude of high-temperature sprayed strain gauges at room temperature

应变/10⁻⁶	振幅/μm	a/g
27.4	9.6	2
93.5	33.9	5
127.4	45.8	8
193.5	69.5	10
253.1	93.6	15
301.1	107.6	17.5

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表 2 常温下水泥胶应变片测试值与振幅关系

Table 2. Relationship between test value and amplitude of cement glue strain gauge at room temperature

应变/10⁻⁶	振幅/μm	a/g
16	4.3	2
44	11.6	5
78.6	20.5	8
113.4	31.2	10
141.6	37.5	15
164.7	41.5	17.5

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表 3 DD6不同温度下弹性模量

Table 3. Elasticity of DD6 at different temperatures

t/℃	E/GPa
25	130.5
300	132.1
500	125.1
600	115.9
750	108.1
800	109.0
850	101.2
900	98.7

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表 4 不同温度下的叶片共振频率

Table 4. Resonance frequency of blade at different temperatures

t/℃	F_A/Hz	F_B/Hz
25	2391.3	2350.6
500	2328.3	2305.7
600	2290.8	2262.2
800	2226.1	2196.3
900		2139.2

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表 5 500 ℃下叶片A实测应变与预测应变对比

Table 5. Comparison between true result and forecast result of blade A at 500 ℃

A/μm	ε₁	ε₂	相对误差/%
5.2	15.3	14.4	−5.9
15.2	46.3	42.2	−8.9
45.7	135.5	126.8	−6.4
52.7	145.4	146.2	0.6
81.5	226.6	226.1	−0.2
86.5	247.2	240.0	−2.9

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表 6 600 ℃下叶片A实测应变与预测应变对比

Table 6. Comparison between true result and forecast result of blade A at 600 ℃

A/μm	ε₁	ε₂	相对误差/%
17.8	56.6	51.7	−8.7
24.8	76.8	70.6	−8.1
29.8	89.1	84.9	−4.7
43.2	132.8	123.0	−7.4
50.1	150.1	142.7	−4.9
66.0	196.2	188.0	−4.2
80.5	234.3	229.3	−2.1

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表 7 800 ℃下叶片A实测应变与预测应变对比

Table 7. Comparison between true result and forecast result of blade A at 800 ℃

A/μm	ε₁	ε₂	相对误差/%
8.7	26.6	24.8	−6.8
23.6	66.8	67.4	−0.9
31.8	93.1	90.8	−2.5
64.5	190.8	184.1	−3.5
79.8	240.1	227.7	−5.2
101.0	301.2	288.3	−4.3

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表 8 500 ℃下叶片B实测应变与预测应变对比

Table 8. Comparison between true result and forecast result of blade B at 500 ℃

A/μm	ε₁	ε₂	相对误差/%
10.2	35.3	39.6	12.2
22.4	77.3	87.0	12.5
35.5	125.7	137.8	9.6
44.6	186.6	173.2	−7.2
53.6	226.7	208.1	−8.2
62.5	256.2	242.7	−5.3

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表 9 600 ℃下叶片B实测应变与预测应变对比

Table 9. Comparison between true result and forecast result of blade B at 600 ℃

A/μm	ε₁	ε₂	相对误差/%
10.7	37.7	42.3	12.2
15.7	55.2	62.0	12.3
24.5	89.7	96.8	7.9
33.8	138.2	133.5	−3.4
38.2	157.3	150.9	−4.1

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表 10 800 ℃下叶片B实测应变与预测应变对比

Table 10. Comparison between true result and forecast result of blade B at 800 ℃

A/μm	ε₁	ε₂	相对误差/%
30.1	116.1	119.3	2.8
38.5	156.4	152.6	−2.4
50.1	203.1	198.6	−2.2
80.0	305.0	317.1	4.0
107.7	445.0	424.1	−4.7

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表 11 900 ℃下叶片B实测应变与预测应变对比

Table 11. Comparison between true result and forecast result of blade B at 900 ℃

A/μm	ε₁	ε₂	相对误差/%
18.2	65.1	55.6	−14.6
30.1	132.8	118.4	−10.8
38.5	243.4	239.7	−1.5
50.1	274.4	311.1	13.4
80.0	621.8	625.3	0.6
107.0	865.7	832.2	−3.9

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