Numerical and experimental study on the characteristics of self-excited sweeping nozzle
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摘要:
自激扫掠喷嘴通过内部康达壁面和反馈通道结构的对称设计，在压力驱动下能够实现液柱喷射方向的自激发高频变化。为了探索此新型喷嘴在航空发动机内燃油喷射的应用潜力，本研究综合采用二维数值模拟和高速阴影成像法，研究了不同工作介质、不同缩比尺寸下，自激扫掠喷嘴的特征流速、工作频率、扫掠张角等参数随工作压降的响应变化情况。结果表明：自激扫掠喷嘴在较宽的工作压力范围（0.01～5 MPa）和特征尺寸范围（0.3～7 mm）内均能够实现稳定的自激发扫掠振荡喷射，能够产生70°以上的扫掠张角和
1500 Hz以上的振荡频率。其扫掠张角随压力的提高而不断增加，最高可达110°以上；自激扫掠喷嘴的工作频率与其喉道处的特征流速成正比，与喉道宽度成反比，表征工作频率的斯特劳哈尔数在较宽工作压力范围内保持恒定。以上结果可为自激扫掠喷嘴在航空发动机等动力装置内的应用和优化设计提供有力支撑。Abstract:Self-excited sweeping nozzle can generate high-frequency self-excited oscillating liquid spray driven by the working pressure, through the symmetrical design of internal Coanda wall surfaces and feedback channels. In order to explore the application potential of this new nozzle to fuel injection in gas turbine engine, by taking advantage of the 2D numerical simulation and high-speed shadow imaging method, the nozzle’s characteristic velocity, working frequency, sweeping angle responses to the working pressures were comprehensively studied using various working media and scaling dimensions. The results showed that the self-excited sweeping nozzle can generate stable sweeping oscillating spray within a wide working pressure range (0.01—5 MPa) and characteristic dimension range (0.3—7 mm), its sweeping angle was larger than 70°, and oscillating frequency was higher than
1500 Hz. Its sweeping angle increased with working pressure, up to 110° or more. The operating frequency was proportional to the characteristic velocity at its throat, but inversely proportional to its throat width, and the Strouhal number St representing the working frequency remained constant within a wide working pressure range. The above results can provide a strong support for the application and optimization design of the self-excited sweeping nozzle in the gas turbine engines. -
图 3 自激扫掠燃油喷嘴内部流道构型
Figure 3. Sketch of the flow channel inside the self-excited sweeping nozzle
图 5 流体振荡器内部的周期性瞬态流动结构
Figure 5. Snapshots of the periodic flow structure inside a fluidic oscillator
图 6 无量纲化的时均流场云图和方均根脉动流场云图
Figure 6. Non-dimentional contours of time-averaged flow fields and RMSE flow fields
图 7 喷嘴不同压降下工作频率随喉道尺寸的响应曲线
Figure 7. Working frequency responses to various throat width with various nozzle pressure drops
图 8 不同喷嘴压降下由喉道宽度归一化后频率响应曲线
Figure 8. Frequency responses normalized by throat width with various nozzle pressure drops
图 9 多个等比缩放尺寸下的方均根速度场云图分布（Δp =1 MPa）
Figure 9. contours of the RMSE flow fields with various scaling dimensions （Δp = 1 MPa）
图 10 不同工作介质下工作频率随喷嘴压降开方的响应曲线
Figure 10. Working frequency responses to the square root of nozzle pressure drops with various working media
图 11 不同工作介质下喉道平均速度随进出口压降开方的响应曲线
Figure 11. Average velocity responses across the throat section to the square root of nozzle pressure drops with various working media
图 12 不同压降下的方均根速度场云图分布（T=0.5 mm，水介质）
Figure 12. contours of the RMSE flow fields with various pressure drops （T=0.5 mm，water）
图 13 不同压降下的方均根速度场云图分布（T=0.5 mm，煤油介质）
Figure 13. contours of the RMSE flow fields with various pressure drops （T=0.5 mm，kerosene）
图 14 不同工作介质下，喷嘴斯特劳哈尔数随压降和尺寸的变化情况
Figure 14. Nozzle’s Strouhal number responses to the pressure drops and scaling dimensions with various working media
图 15 自激扫掠喷嘴整体实现结构
Figure 15. Overall assembling structure of present self-excited sweeping nozzle
图 16 自激扫掠喷嘴特性测试系统图
Figure 16. Schematic test system of the self-excited sweeping nozzle’s characteristics
图 17 不同压降下自激扫掠喷嘴的出口瞬态液雾分布
Figure 17. Transient spray distribution ejected by the self-excited sweeping nozzle at various pressure drops
图 18 不同压降下自激扫掠喷嘴的出口平均液雾分布
Figure 18. Mean spray distribution ejected by the self-excited sweeping nozzle at various pressure drops
图 19 由数值模拟和实验测量得到的喷嘴特征流速随压降开方的响应特性
Figure 19. Characteristic velocity responses to the square root of nozzle pressure drops obtained by simulations and experiments
图 20 喷嘴工作频率随压降开方的响应特性，数值模拟和实验测量
Figure 20. Frequency responses to the square root of nozzle pressure drops, by simulations and experiments
图 21 由数值模拟和实验测量得到的喷嘴St值随压降的响应特性、数值模拟和实验测量
Figure 21. St number responses to nozzle pressure drops obtained by simulations and experiments
表 1 自激扫掠燃油喷嘴内部流道特征尺寸参数
Table 1. Key dimensions of the flow channel inside the self-excited sweeping nozzle
尺寸比 比值 说明 T 进口喉道宽度 W1/T 1.5 控制口距离 W2/T 4.2 耦合腔宽度 W3/T 1.4 出口喉道宽度 W4/T 8.1 喷嘴整体宽度 W5/T 1.5 反馈通道宽度 H1/T 1.4 控制口高度 H2/T 11.2 喷嘴整体高度 S/T 2 喷嘴流道深度 
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表 2 不同网格密度和湍流模型下数值模拟得到的工作频率和平均扫掠张角
Table 2. Working frequencies and mean sweeping angles predicted by numerical simulations with various mesh densities and turbulence models
湍流模型 网格 频率/Hz 频率
偏差/%平均扫掠
张角/（°）张角
偏差/%k-ε
RealizableM1 1.102 0.2 88 −12.0 M2 1.395 26.8 82 −18.0 M3 1.453 32.1 67 −33.0 k-Ω M1 1.123 2.1 79 −21.0 k-Ω SST M1 1.129 2.6 75 −25.0 实验基准 1.1 100
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