Interference and suppression of tip-timing signal of engine turbine rotor blade
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摘要:
介绍转子叶片叶尖定时非接触测量原理及光纤传感器工作特点。将带冷却的光纤传感器应用于发动机涡轮转子叶片振动测试，获取高温高转速叶尖定时信号。结果显示，转速大于12513 r/min（叶片测试位置工作温度1326 K）时，脉冲信号出现严重干扰，系统无法完成阈值触发和到达时间计时。分析干扰产生原因，提出降低干扰的滤波和蓝光发射方法，开展发动机涡轮转子叶片非接触测振试验，结果表明：滤波仅能够抑制红光辐射，12513 r/min以上信号干扰有所改善，12605 r/min（叶片测试位置工作温度1375 K）以上仍存在干扰；滤波结合蓝光发射能有效解决高温高转速下的干扰问题，12702 r/min（叶片测试位置工作温度1388 K）以下，叶尖定时信号脉冲波形较好，系统可有效实现阈值触发和到达时间计时。
Abstract:The non-contact measurement principle of rotor blade tip timing and the working characteristics of optical fiber timing sensor were introduced. The optical fiber sensor with cooling was applied to the vibration test of engine turbine rotor blade to obtain the blade tip timing pulse signal under high temperature and high rotational speed. The results showed that when the rotational speed was greater than 12513 r/min (working temperature at the blade testing position was 1326 K), the pulse signal had serious interference, and the system cannot trigger the threshold and record the time of arrival. The causes of interference signal were analyzed, and the solutions of filtering and blue light emission to reduce signal interference were provided. The non-contact vibration test of engine turbine rotor blade was carried out to verify the proposed method. The results showed that the red light radiation can be suppressed only by filtering, and the signal interference above 12513 r/min was improved, but the interference still existed when the rotational speed exceeded 12605 r/min (working temperature at blade testing position was 1375 K); the combination of blue light emission and filtering can effectively solve the interference problem under high temperature and high rotational speed. Below 12702 r/min (working temperature of blade testing position was 1388 K), the pulse waveform of blade tip timing signal was good, and the system allowed for effective triggering and timing.
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图 5 高压涡轮单个叶片典型定时信号
Figure 5. Typical timing signal for a single high-pressure turbine blade
图 6 各典型转速下叶尖定时脉冲信号（无滤波）
Figure 6. Blade tip-timing pulse signal at typical rotational speeds （unfiltered）
图 8 高温燃气及高温碳烟辐射示意图
Figure 8. Sketch map of radiation of high temperature gas and carbon fume
图 13 非接触振动测试连接方法（滤波模块）
Figure 13. Connection method of non-contact vibration （filter module）
图 14 各典型转速下叶尖定时信号（红光滤波）
Figure 14. Tip-timing signal at typical rotational speeds （red light filtering）
图 16 非接触振动测试连接方法（蓝光发射器）
Figure 16. Connection method of non-contact vibration measurement （blue lighter emitter）
图 17 各转速下叶尖定时信号（蓝光滤波）
Figure 17. Tip-timing signal at typical rotational speed （blue light filtering）
表 1 各典型转速下叶尖定时电压信号对比
Table 1. Voltage signal comparison of tip-timing at typical rotational speeds
转速/（r/min） 工作温度/K 叶尖电压/V 轮缘电压/V 放大倍数 干扰电压/V 是否触发 8753 726 4.0 2.5 2 是 10604 1165 5.0 1.7 2 是 12078 1177 5.5 1.0 3 是 12513 1326 7.5 3.5 5 7.5 否 12800 1423 7.5 5.5 3 7.5 否 
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表 2 各典型转速下叶尖定时电压信号对比（滤波）
Table 2. Voltage signal of tip-timing at typical rotational speeds （with filter）
转速/
（r/min）叶片工作
温度/K叶尖
电压/V轮缘
电压/V放大
倍数干扰
电压/V是否
触发8755 729 3.5 1.5 10 是 11822 1119 4.25 1.75 12 是 12531 1329 6.0 1.25 8 是 12605 1357 6.0 1.70 12 4.5 是 12701 1388 5.5 3.50 10 5.5 否 12800 1423 5.5 1.50 10 5.5 否
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表 3 各典型转速下叶尖定时电压信号对比（蓝光发射）
Table 3. Voltage signal of tip-timing at typical rotational speed （with blue lighter emitter）
转速/
（r/min）叶片工作
温度/K叶尖
电压/V轮缘
电压/V放大
倍数干扰
电压/V是否
触发8969 729 3.5 1.5 25 是 11829 1119 4.0 1.5 25 是 12456 1329 3.7 1.5 25 是 12660 1357 4 1.5 25 2.5 是 12702 1388 4 1.5 25 2.5 是 12801 1423 4 1.5 25 4.0 否
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