涡轴发动机测扭装置发展现状及趋势

李立新; 廖明夫; 余索远; 刘森; 周春丽

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220982

涡轴发动机测扭装置发展现状及趋势

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20220982

李立新^{1, 2,},
廖明夫¹,
余索远²,
刘森¹,
周春丽²

1.
西北工业大学动力与能源学院，西安 710072
2.
中国航发湖南动力机械研究所，湖南株洲 412002

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（2017-Ⅳ-0001-0038）

详细信息

作者简介:
李立新（1981-），男，研究员，博士生，主要从事航空发动机总体设计研究。E-mail：myassist@qq.com

中图分类号: V232.2
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- 文章访问数: 746
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-19

Current situation and development trend of torque measuring device for turboshaft engine

1.
School of Power and Energy，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China
2.
Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute，Aero Engine Corporation of China，Zhuzhou Hunan 412002，China

摘要

摘要:
为进一步研究涡轴发动机测扭装置，研究了常见测扭装置的分类、优缺点及其在涡轴发动机中的适用性。阐述了常用的涡轴发动机扭矩测量装置的基本原理、发展现状及典型应用案例，并指出了目前存在的主要问题，进一步分析了制约紧凑型动力涡轮转角法测扭的核心技术难点。探讨了采用温度补偿、扭转角度转换成轴向位移，以及将动力涡轮短粗轴由圆柱/圆环截面改进成星形截面等结构在提高测扭精度的可行性。研究发现：星形截面轴可保证足够抗弯刚度的前提下显著降低扭转刚度，可解决紧凑型大功率涡轴发动机测扭装置精度不高的问题，应着力研究星形截面轴弯曲、扭转振动特性和开展装机适应性验证。
- 涡轴发动机 /
- 星形结构 /
- 转角法测扭 /
- 温度补偿 /
- 角度转成位移
Abstract:
To further study the torque measuring device of turboshaft engine, the classification, pros and cons of common torque measuring devices and their applicability in turboshaft engine were studied. The basic principle, state-of-the-art, typical application cases and main problems of torque measuring devices commonly used in turboshaft engines were elaborated, and then the core technologies of torque measurement for compact power turbine angle method were analyzed. The feasibility of improving the accuracy of torque measurement methods involving both the structures of changing temperature compensation and torsion angle into axial displacements and the new star-type section structures of the short and thick shaft of power turbine improved from the cylinder/ring section was discussed. From this investigation, it was demonstrated that the star-type section shafts could guarantee to obviously reduce the torsional stiffness under the premise of enough flexural rigidity, so that the precision of torque measuring device of compact high-power turboshaft engine can be improved. The efforts of this study provide the research directions of torque measuring devices for turboshaft engine involving the bend and torsional vibration characteristics of star-type section shafts and the validation of installation adaptability.
- turboshaft engine /
- star shape structure /
- angle-based torque measurement method /
- temperature compensation /
- angle-displacement convertor

HTML

图 1 直升机并车及外置联轴器示意图

Figure 1. Helicopter parallel and external coupling diagram

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图 2 滑环引电测扭示意图

Figure 2. Slip ring induced torque measurement diagram

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图 3 液压测扭示意图

Figure 3. Hydraulic measuring torque diagram

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图 4 涡轴发动机流程参数测扭示意图

Figure 4. Torque measurement diagram of turboshaft engine process parameters

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图 5 转角法测扭原理图

Figure 5. Principle diagram of torque measurement by rotation angle method

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图 6 转角法磁电式测扭示意图

Figure 6. Magnetoelectric torque measurement diagram by rotation angle method

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图 7 带基准轴的转角法磁电测扭示意图

Figure 7. Magnetoelectric torque measurement with the reference axis by rotation method

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图 8 透博梅卡公司扭转角度转换成轴向位移示意图

Figure 8. Conversion of torsion angle into axial displacement diagram of turbomeca

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图 9 星形结构轴示意图

Figure 9. Star shape structure shaft diagram

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图 10 星形轴与圆柱截面轴变化对比示意图

Figure 10. Comparison of deflection changes of star-shape shaft and cylindrical section shaft

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表 1 典型测扭技术在涡轴发动机中的适用性分析

Table 1. Applicability analysis of typical torque measuring techniques in turboshaft engine

测扭装置分类	典型技术特征	适用情况
声表面波式	将雷达技术与无线声表面波技术相结合。	胶黏不适用高速轴。不适用。
逆磁致伸缩式	轴具有磁性。	轴承不允许接触磁性结构件。不适用。
压电式	需要滑环引电器。	滑环+应变片均不适用高速轴。不适用。
磁电式	利用轴的扭角测扭。	涡轴发动机常用。
光电式	需要光学系统，常用在直升机上测发动机输出扭矩。	静标困难，抗干扰能力差，一代、二代涡轴发动机使用。
激光式	一种是利用光的衍射原理；另一种是利用测量激光与参考光束叠加形成多普勒差拍频率测扭。	需专用光源和电荷耦合器件图像传感器，但涡轴发动机无光学系统。不适用。
电容式	在轴上安装由不变电感和可变电容组成的振荡电路。	不适用涡轴发动机的油雾环境。
电感式	带有磁性元器件	容易受到温度的影响，加装温度补偿装置后，传感器的体积增大，不便于集成化。
振弦式	直接利用传动轴拉伸后固有频率变化测量；对轴的扭角要求高。	不适用高速轴。
光纤式	需无尘埃无气雾环境。	不适用涡轴发动机的油雾环境。

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表 2 典型的涡轴发动机测扭装置发展趋势

Table 2. Development of typical torque measuring device of turboshaft engine

测扭装置	适用场景	未来发展方向
外置式	台架试验	高精度、高响应速度、长寿命、低成本
电阻应变片	专项测试试验	高转速、高温度、高可靠性、无线传输
液压转换式	带体内减速器的涡轴发动机	小尺寸、低泄漏量、高精度、适应滑油压力范围广
气动参数转换式	整机性能计算直升机性能计算	数字样机、数字孪生发动机
转角磁电测扭	常见的涡轴发动机自带测扭装置	紧凑性涡轴发动机高精度测扭
转角光电测扭	早期涡轴发动机适用；直升机测试改装	逐步被磁电式取代
转角电容式	在发动机上未见应用案例	提高电磁兼容性和耐油雾环境

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