耦合固体场传热三维缝隙气动热数值计算

戴刚; 赵文文; 杨帆; 陈伟芳

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230006

耦合固体场传热三维缝隙气动热数值计算

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230006

浙江大学航空航天学院，杭州 310027

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（92271114）；中央高校基本科研业务费（226-2022-00172）

详细信息

作者简介:
戴刚（1996-），男，博士生，主要研究方向为流体力学

通讯作者:
赵文文（1987-），男，副研究员，博士，主要研究方向为高超声速空气动力学。E-mail：wwzhao@zju.edu.cn

中图分类号: V411
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-12

Numerical assessment of aerothermal environment of three-dimensional gap coupled with heat transfer of solid field

School of Aeronautics and Astronautics，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310027，China

摘要

摘要:
为了研究高超声速飞行器表面缝隙或凹槽对飞行器表面热环境以及飞行器热防护系统的设计产生的影响，构建了耦合固体场传热的气动热数值模拟方法，对二维矩形缝隙和三维正、逆“T”形缝隙开展了等温壁完全气体、耦合固体场传热壁温分布完全气体数值模拟研究。结果表明：二维和三维缝隙后侧立面上拐角处受到的气动加热作用最明显。正、逆“T”形缝隙的横竖交叉点侧面位置都存在热流峰值。正“T”形交叉点缝隙后侧立面由于直接受到气流冲击，其产生一个值为26.18 W/cm²的最高的气动热峰值。逆“T”形交叉点缝隙前立面由于缝隙内涡结构的冲击作用，产生一个值为6.125 W/cm²局部热流峰值。考虑耦合固体温度场影响后，气动加热使壁温升高，流场中的高温气体对固体场热传导作用降低，缝隙内部、缝隙侧立面和缝隙上表面热流总体下降25%左右，后侧立面上拐点气动热峰值下降程度最高达32.04%。
- 气动热预示 /
- 流固耦合 /
- 三维缝隙 /
- “T”形缝隙 /
- 隔热瓦
Abstract:
In order to study the influence of the surface gap or grooves on hypersonic aircraft the aerothermal environment and the thermal protection system design, a numerical simulation method coupled with heat transfer of solid field was constructed. The numerical simulation analysis of the perfect gas flow passing a two-dimensional gap, original and reversed “T”-shaped three-dimensional gaps was carried out for isotherm and distributed temperature surfaces coupled with heat transfer of solid field. It can be found from the numerical results that the aero-heating effect at the corner of the rear facade of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional gaps was the worst. There were heat flux peaks at the side of the horizontal and vertical intersections of the original and reversed “T” shaped gaps. The airflow directly impacted the rear facade on the horizontal and vertical intersections of the “T”-shape gap, where a peak of aerodynamic heat flux of 26.18 W/cm² of the entire gap was produced. Due to the vortex structure in the gap, a local heat flux peak value of 6.125 W/cm² was generated on the front facade at the horizontal and vertical intersections of the reversed “T”-shape gap. Considering the influence of the coupled heat transfer of solid field, the wall temperature roses under the action of aero-heating, which reduced the heat conduction effect of the high-temperature gas in the flow field on the wall. Therefore, the overall heat flux distributed inside the gap, on facade at the side of the gap and on the upper surface of the gap was reduced by about 25%, and the peak value at the inflection point on the rear elevation decreased the most by about 32.04%.
- aerothermal prediction /
- fluid-structure interaction /
- three-dimensional gap /
- “T”-shape gap /
- insulating tiles

HTML

图 1 流-固交界面中心点一一对应

Figure 1. Correspondence of fluid-solid interface center points

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图 2 耦合固体场-流场气动热迭代计算

Figure 2. Iterative calculation of coupled solid -flow field

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图 3 二维缝隙模型（单位：m）

Figure 3. Two-dimensional model of gap （unit：m）

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图 4 Grid 1和Grid 4的网格分布

Figure 4. Grid distribution of Grid 1 and Grid 4

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图 5 不同网格热流与试验值对比

Figure 5. Comparison of heat flux between different grids with experimental values

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图 6 不同条件的缝隙附近流场温度分布

Figure 6. Temperature contours of flow field near gap under different inflow conditions

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图 7 二维缝隙不同状态下的气动热与壁面温度分布

Figure 7. Heat flux and wall temperature distribution of two-dimensional gap under different conditions

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图 8 缝隙附近固体场温度分布

Figure 8. Temperature distribution of solid field near gap

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图 9 航天飞机隔热瓦铺装结构^[23]（单位：m）

Figure 9. Tile pavement structure of space shuttle insulation^[23] （unit: m）

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图 10 三维缝隙外形（单位：mm）

Figure 10. Shape of three-dimensional gap （unit：mm）

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图 11 三维“T”形缝隙附近网格分布

Figure 11. Grid distribution near three-dimensional “T”-shaped gap

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图 12 三维正“T”形缝隙附近温度分布、表面热流分布与固体场温度分布

Figure 12. Contours of temperature, surface heat flux and solid field temperature near the wall of forward “T”-shaped three dimensional gap

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图 13 三维正“T”形缝隙附近z=0.005 m和z=0 m截面流线图

Figure 13. Streamline diagram of cross-section for z=0.005 m and z=0 m positions of forward “T”-shaped three dimensional gap

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图 14 三维正“T”缝隙3个站位的热流对比

Figure 14. Comparison distribution of heat flux in forward “T”-shape three-dimensional gap of three positions

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图 15 三维逆“T”形缝隙附近温度分布、表面热流分布与固体场温度分布

Figure 15. Contours of temperature, surface heat flux and solid field temperature near the wall of reverse “T”-shaped three dimensional gap

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图 16 三维逆“T”形缝隙附近z=0.005 m和z=0 m截面流线图

Figure 16. Streamline diagram of cross-section for z=0.005 m and z=0 m positions of reverse “T”-shaped three dimensional gap

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图 17 三维逆“T”缝隙3个站位的热流对比

Figure 17. Comparison distribution of heat flux in reverse“T”-shape three-dimensional gap of three positions

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表 1 来流条件

Table 1. Inflow conditions

参数数值

马赫数Ma 5.0

雷诺数Re/10⁴ 5.6

温度T/K 473.15

密度ρ/（kg/m³） 0.33

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