Numerical investigation of the influence of wheel shoulder seal structure on sealing characteristics
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摘要:
为了改善主流燃气受到主流诱导和旋转诱导进入转静盘腔间隙造成涡轮盘过热的问题，提出在径向轮缘密封结构的凸肩不同位置设置矩形槽的3种改进结构以及两种拓展结构，采用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（N-S）方程进行数值模拟对比研究了5种轮盘凸肩密封结构的封严特性，讨论了不同位置开设矩形槽对转静盘腔间隙处燃气入侵和封严特性的影响。研究表明：模拟结果和实验数据趋势一致，验证了数值方法在封严特性研究上的可靠性。不同流量下，3种改进结构的封严特性均优于原径向结构，且在动盘侧凸肩上开设矩形槽的封严效果最好，该结构与原结构相比，封严效率在低封严流量下约提高了21%，高封严流量下燃气入侵截面的入侵面积减少了约33.8%。而基于该结构所拓展的两种结构，减小了凸肩处的换热面积，但也降低了封严性能，拓展并不合理。
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of the ingestion of mainstream gases into the wheel-space between the turbine rotor and stator under the externally-induced and rotationally-induced flows, which caused overheating of the turbine disk, three structures and two extended structures with rectangular slots at different positions of the radial rim seal were presented. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were utilized to investigate the influence of setting rectangular slots at different locations on the mainstream ingestion and sealing performance of five kinds of wheel shoulder seal structures. The results showed that the numerical calculations were in agreement with the experimental data, the validation of the numerical approach for the sealing effectiveness was reliable. The sealing effectiveness of three improved structures was better than the radial rim seal with different flows, and the best sealing performance was achieved by setting the rectangular slots on the side shoulder of the rotating disc. The sealing effectiveness of this structure was higher than original structure with 21% at the low sealing flow rate, and the invasion area of intrusion section was reduced by 33.8% at the high sealing flow rate. In addition, the two structures expanded based on this structure reduced the heat transfer area at the convex shoulder, but also reduced the sealing effectiveness, and the expansion was not reasonable.
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Key words:
- turbine /
- wheel-space /
- rim seal /
- sealing effectiveness /
- gas ingestion
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图 4 封严效率计算值与实验值对比图
Figure 4. Sealing effectiveness of rim seal between the numerical results and experimental data
图 5 槽缝结构封严区域局部示意图
Figure 5. Local schematic diagram of the sealing area of the slot-groove structure
图 6 3种流量下4种结构封严效率对比
Figure 6. Comparison of sealing effectiveness of four structures under three flow conditions
图 7 轮缘密封间隙出口径向速度云图和盘腔子午面封严效率云图
Figure 7. Radial velocity contours distribution at the outlet of the rim seal clearance and sealing effectiveness contours distribution on the meridional plane of the disc cavity
图 8 静盘壁面封严效率沿径向分布
Figure 8. Sealing effectiveness distribution along the radial direction at stationary wheel disc surface
图 9 动盘壁面封严效率沿径向分布
Figure 9. Sealing effectiveness distribution along the radial direction at rotational wheel disc surface
图 10 Cw=
3277 时燃气入侵截面的无量纲径向速度云图和流线图Figure 10. Dimensionless radial velocity contours and streamline diagrams at Cw=
3277 on the gas invasion cross-section
图 12 3种冷气流量下3种结构封严效率对比
Figure 12. Comparison of sealing effectiveness of three structures under three flow conditions
图 13 3种结构轮缘密封间隙出口径向速度云图和盘腔子午面封严效率云图
Figure 13. Radial velocity contours distribution at the outlet of rim seal clearance and sealing effectiveness contours distribution on the meridional plane of the disc cavity for the three structures
图 15 3种结构在截面1处封严效率沿轴向分布
Figure 15. Sealing effectiveness distribution of the three structures along the axial direction at section 1
图 16 Cw=
3277 时3种结构截面1处的封严效率云图Figure 16. Sealing effectiveness contours at section 1 of the three structures at Cw=
3277 表 1 轮缘密封结构主要尺寸参数表
Table 1. Main parameters of the rim seal structure
mm 几何参数 数值 主流通道高度h 10 密封端面半径b 190 盘腔出口间隙cax 2 两侧凸肩相对间隙cin 2.4 静盘凸肩长度l1 9 静盘凸肩厚度h1 5 动盘凸肩长度l2 5.7 动盘凸肩厚度h2 4.6 
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表 2 槽缝尺寸参数表
Table 2. Parameters of slot structure
mm 几何参数 数值 静盘侧凸肩下壁面槽缝宽度 0.9 静盘侧凸肩下壁面槽缝深度 1 静盘侧凸肩下壁面槽缝壁厚 0.3 动盘侧凸肩上壁面槽缝宽度 1.1 动盘侧凸肩上壁面槽缝深度 1 动盘侧凸肩上壁面槽缝壁厚 0.3
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