冰黏附力受温度及盐度影响研究

邓光洲; 胡站伟; 李明; 易贤; 马乙楗

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230054

冰黏附力受温度及盐度影响研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230054

邓光洲^{1, 2,},
胡站伟²,
李明^2,*, ,,
易贤²,
马乙楗²

1.
西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院，四川绵阳 621000
2.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心结冰与防除冰重点实验室，四川绵阳 621000

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（J2019-Ⅲ-0017）

详细信息

作者简介:
邓光洲（1997-），男，硕士生，主要从事结冰与防除冰研究

通讯作者:
李明（1965-），男，研究员、硕士生导师，博士，主要从事结冰与防除冰研究。E-mail：liming288@sina.com

中图分类号: V321.229
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-06
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-03

Study on the influences of temperature and salinity on ice adhesion

DENG Guangzhou^{1, 2
,},
HU Zhanwei²,
LI Ming^{2,*
, ,},
YI Xian²,
MA Yijian²

1.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture，Southwest University of Science and Technology，Mianyang Sichuan 621000，China
2.
Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing，China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center，Mianyang Sichuan 621000，China

摘要

摘要:
温度、盐度是影响冰黏附力的关键因素。利用可编程式高低温实验机，在不同温度、盐度下制静态淡水冰、含盐冰，并测量冰切向黏附力，对冰切向黏附力受温度影响的变化趋势、受盐度影响的原因进行了研究。结果表明：两种冰样的前期结冰黏附过程中，冰-基界面“类液层”起决定性作用。淡水冰在0～−11 ℃温度范围内，冰切向黏附力随温度降低线性增加，到达−11 ℃的温度临界值后，其增加速度随温度降低逐渐递减，并在−20 ℃后基本保持平稳。盐水冰-基界面形成有效黏附所需温度更低，切向黏附力较淡水冰更小，在1%～2.5%盐度的含盐区间内，冰切向黏附力主要受界面“冰盐”分布影响。结果为研究不同环境，特别是海洋低温条件下的结冰机理和防除冰方法研究提供了参考。
- 黏附力 /
- 淡水冰 /
- 含盐冰 /
- 类液层 /
- 冰盐
Abstract:
Temperature and salinity are critical factors influencing ice adhesion strength. Utilizing a programmable high-low temperature test chamber, static freshwater ice and saline ice were prepared under varying temperature and salinity conditions, with tangential ice adhesion forces measured to investigate the temperature-dependent trends and salinity-influenced mechanisms. The results demonstrated that the quasi-liquid layer (QLL) at the ice-substrate interface played a decisive role in the initial ice adhesion process for both ice types. For freshwater ice, the tangential adhesion strength increased linearly as temperatures decreased from 0 ℃ to −11 ℃. Beyond this critical temperature threshold ( −11 ℃), the growth rate gradually decelerated with further cooling, stabilizing substantially below −20 ℃. Saline ice required lower temperatures to form effective interfacial adhesion, exhibiting weaker tangential adhesion compared with freshwater ice. Within the salinity range of 1%—2.5%, ice adhesion strength was predominantly governed by the interfacial ice-salt distribution. This study could provide theoretical and technical references for elucidating ice formation mechanisms and developing anti-/de-icing strategies under diverse environmental conditions, particularly in marine cryogenic environments.
- adhesion /
- fresh water ice /
- salt ice /
- liquid layer /
- ice salt

HTML

图 1 可编程式高低温实验机

Figure 1. Programmable high and low temperature test chamber

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图 2 黏附力测量装置图

1 可移动千分尺；2 载重平台；3 方形基底；4 冰样模具；5 推拉力计；6 推拉力计矩形垫板；7 底座。

Figure 2. Drawing of adhesion measuring device

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图 3 淡水冰黏附力系数值随温度变化曲线

Figure 3. Change curve of freshwater ice adhesion coefficient value with temperature

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图 4 盐水冰黏附力系数变化图

Figure 4. Variation of adhesion coefficient of salt water ice

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图 5 未附着冰基底侧界面

Figure 5. Side interface of unattached ice base

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图 6 未附着冰的基底侧界面

Figure 6. Side interface of unattached ice

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图 7 初始常温基底冰盐析出过程

Figure 7. Process of base ice salting out at initial normal temperature

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图 8 初始0 ℃基底冰盐析出过程

Figure 8. Initial 0 ℃ base ice salting out process

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图 9 淡/盐水冰样对比

Figure 9. Comparison of dilute/saline ice samples

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图 10 盐冰界面冰盐

Figure 10. Ice salt at salt ice interface

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图 11 冰盐融化后的盐冰界面

Figure 11. Salt ice interface after ice salt melting

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图 12 淡水冰界面

Figure 12. Fresh water ice interface

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图 13 淡水冰黏附示意图

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of freshwater ice adhesion

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图 14 含盐冰的黏附示意图

Figure 14. Schematic diagram of salt ice adhesion

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图 15 相似实验结果对比图

Figure 15. Comparison chart of similar experimental results

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表 1 不同温度下淡水冰黏附力系数

Table 1. Adhesion of fresh water ice at different temperature kPa

实验统计	温度/℃
实验统计	−5	−10	−15	−20	−25	−30
第1次	361.71	774.78	1032.54	1180.83	1086.78	1160.33
第2次	496.12	765.82	928.54	1154.46	1194.77	1108.68
第3次	411.03	809.61	980.79	1253.98	1157.59	1307.72
第4次	454.52	866.34	1057.42	1091.26	1133.56	1074.34
第5次	431.43	841.96	1037.02	994.23	1202.73	1194.77
均值	430.96	811.70	1007.62	1134.95	1155.09	1169.17
标准差	44.68	38.40	41.46	87.6	42.38	80.72
最大偏差值	69.27	54.64	79.08	138.32	68.31	138.55
最大偏差率/%	16	6.73	7.85	7.7	5.90	11.85

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表 2 −12 ℃淡水冰黏附力

Table 2. −12 ℃ fresh water ice adhesion kPa

第1次	第2次	第3次	第4次	第5次	均值	标准差	最大偏差值	最大偏差率/%
931.03	983.71	996.7	922.07	895.70	945.84	38.26	50.68	5.36

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表 3 −30 ℃不同盐度下的含盐冰黏附力系数

Table 3. Salt water ice adhesion coefficient under different salinity at −30 ℃ kPa

实验统计	盐水浓度/%
实验统计	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5
第1次	420.38	374.68	500.10	496.67
第2次	346.19	409.48	661.82	558.32
第3次	390.67	312.9	478.30	423.22
第4次	404.41	381.27	486.51	608.08
第5次	465.27	425.26	714.57	425.85
均值	405.38	375.32	568.26	502.43
标准差	38.81	40.88	99.58	72.74
最大偏差值	59.89	62.42	146.31	105.65
最大偏差率/%	14.77	16.63	25.74	21.03

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表 4 −25 ℃下2.0%浓度含盐冰黏附力系数

Table 4. Ice adhesion coefficient of 2.0% salt water at −25 ℃ kPa

	第1次	第2次	第3次	第4次	第5次	均值	标准差	最大偏差值	最大偏差率/%
	347.68	434.37	312.90	381.27	475.02	390.25	58.32	87.35	22.38

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表 5 误差统计

Table 5. Error statistics kPa

误差	t=−5 ℃	t=−10 ℃	t=−15 ℃	t=−20 ℃	t=−25 ℃
摩擦力	4.976	4.976	4.976	4.976	4.976
拉力计	14.930	14.928	14.934	14.923	14.928
合计	19.906	19.904	19.911	19.899	19.904

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