Contact stiffness identification of tenon joint structures and verification
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摘要:
榫连接结构的接触刚度是影响叶-盘装配结构固有振动特性的关键参数和精确分析叶-盘耦合系统动力学特性的前提条件。将榫连接结构接触位置处理为薄层单元，推导法向和切向接触刚度与薄层单元属性的映射关系。设计并搭建榫连接结构固有振动特性实验装置，结合不同压紧力下固有振动特性实验与薄层单元仿真，同步识别榫连接结构法向和切向接触刚度。设计等效榫连接面-面微动摩擦实验，测得单位面积切向接触刚度，验证识别方法的精度。识别结果表明：接触刚度随压紧力先缓慢后迅速增大，当平均接触应力达到200 MPa后，接触刚度几乎不变。识别得到的切向接触刚度与微动摩擦实验结果平均相对误差仅为−4.73%，提出的榫连接结构接触刚度识别方法精度高、识别过程简洁。
Abstract:Contact stiffness of tenon joint structures is a crucial parameter that affects the natural vibration characteristics of the blade-disk assembly structure and a prerequisite for accurate dynamic analysis of the blade-disk coupled system. Contact positions of the tenon joint structure were treated as thin layer elements, the mapping relationship was derived between the normal, tangential contact stiffness and the thin layer element property. An experimental setup for the natural vibration characteristics of the tenon joint structure was designed and constructed. Combining experiments on natural vibration characteristics under various compression forces with thin layer element simulations, the normal and tangential contact stiffness of the tenon joint structure was simultaneously identified. An equivalent tenon joint surface-to-surface fretting friction experiment was designed to measure the tangential contact stiffness, verifying the accuracy of the proposed identification method. The identification results showed that the contact stiffness increased slowly at first and then rapidly with the increase of the compression force. When the mean contact stress reached 200 MPa, the contact stiffness almost remained unchanged. The average relative error between identified contact stiffness and the fretting friction experiment results was only −4.73%. The proposed contact stiffness identification method of tenon joint structures was highly accurate and the identification process was straightforward.
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图 5 榫连接结构固有振动特性实验台
Figure 5. Experimental setup for natural vibration characteristics of the tenon joint structure
图 6 榫连接结构固有振动特性实验台实物图及测控系统
Figure 6. Photograph of the experimental setup for natural vibration characteristics of the tenon joint structure and measurement and control system
图 7 第1、3阶固有频率随平均接触应力的变化
Figure 7. Natural frequencies of the 1st and 3rd modes vary with mean contact stress
图 8 第1、3阶固有频率随薄层弹性模量的变化
Figure 8. Natural frequencies of the 1st and 3rd modes vary with the elastic modulus of the thin layer
图 9 单位面积法向接触刚度随平均接触应力的变化
Figure 9. Normal contact stiffness per unit area varies with mean contact stress
图 10 单位面积切向接触刚度随平均接触应力的变化
Figure 10. Tangential contact stiffness per unit area varies with mean contact stress
图 11 微动摩擦实验装置
1 压力传感器；2 电动机；3 上试件；4 下试件；5 基底；6 连杆；7 螺杆模块；8 压电板；9 音圈板；10 控制单元；11 计算机。
Figure 11. Fretting friction friction experimental setup
图 12 微动摩擦实验装置实物图及试件
Figure 12. Physical pictures of fretting friction experimental setup and experimental sample
表 1 加速度传感器技术参数
Table 1. Technical parameters of acceleration sensor
参数类别 数值及范围 测量范围/g ±500 灵敏度/（mV/g） 10 频率范围/Hz 1～ 10000 共振频率/kHz ≥50 带内分辨率/g 0.004 
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表 2 微动摩擦实验机技术参数
Table 2. Technical parameters of fretting friction experimental setup
参数类别 数值及范围 法向力加载/N 5～500 切向力传感器/N 45～450 最大微动频率/Hz 300 水平方向位移/μm 5～ 3000 最大切向驱动力/N 300
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表 3 接触刚度识别结果与实验结果对比
Table 3. Comparison of experimental and identification contact stiffness
参数 数值 平均接触应力/MPa 25 50 75 识别值/（N/mm3） 1131 1213 1287 实验值/（N/mm3） 1227 1265 1317 相对误差/% −7.82 −4.11 −2.26
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