氧质量分数对弱旋流燃烧影响的试验探究

孔令伟; 方刚毅; 魏骏豪; 邢菲

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230157

氧质量分数对弱旋流燃烧影响的试验探究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230157

厦门大学航空航天学院，福建厦门 361005

详细信息

作者简介:
孔令伟（1998-），男，硕士生，研究领域为航空推进系统燃烧与流动

通讯作者:
邢菲（1980-），男，教授，博士，研究领域为航空推进系统燃烧与流动。E-mail：f.xing@xmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V231.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 885
- HTML浏览量: 315
- PDF量: 38
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-14
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-19

Experimental study on effect of oxygen mass fraction on low-swirl combustion

School of Aerospace Engineering，Xiamen University，Xiamen Fujian 361005，China

摘要

摘要:
为充分发挥弱旋流燃烧技术低污染排放的特点，通过试验来探究氧质量分数的改变对弱旋流燃烧造成的影响。基于弱旋流燃烧器，采用丙烷为燃料，通过改变通入系统的CO₂质量流量来调节预混氧质量分数，通过控制喷嘴出口处的空气流速、当量比以及预混氧质量分数，探究氧质量分数对弱旋流燃烧在火焰形态、火焰温度以及燃烧排放产物NOx的影响。试验系统条件下，可以达到最低氧质量分数的试验工况是喷嘴出口处流速为3.0 m/s、当量比为0.65，最低的临界氧质量分数为17.43%。试验发现：随着喷嘴出口处空气流速增大，燃料熄火下极限呈现线性增大的趋势；随着氧质量分数的降低，弱旋流燃烧中心区不完全性逐渐变小，燃烧喷嘴的稳焰能力逐渐变强；火焰的整体温度呈现下降趋势；燃烧排放产物NOx的体积分数逐渐减少。
- 弱旋流燃烧 /
- 氧质量分数 /
- 火焰温度 /
- NOx /
- 污染排放
Abstract:
In order to give full play to the low pollution emission characteristics of the low-swirl combustion technology, the influence of oxygen concentration change on low-swirl combustion was investigated experimentally. Based on the low swirl burner, using propane as fuel, by changing the CO₂ mass flow rate through the system to adjust the premixed oxygen concentration and by controlling the air flow rate out of the nozzle, gas ratio and premixed oxygen concentration, the impact of oxygen concentration on low-swirl premixed combustion in flame form, combustion flame temperature and combustion emission product NOx was explored. Under the conditions of the test system, the lowest oxygen concentration can be achieved at the flow rate of 3.0 m/s at the nozzle, the gas ratio of 0.65, and the lowest critical oxygen concentration of 17.43%. It was found that the limit of fuel flameout increased linearly with the increase of air velocity at nozzle. With the decrease of oxygen concentration, the central incompleteness of low-swirl combustion became smaller and the flame stability of combustion nozzle became stronger. The overall temperature of the flame showed a decreasing trend. The emission of NOx from combustion was gradually reduced.
- low-swirl combustion /
- oxygen mass fraction /
- flame temperature /
- NOx /
- pollution emissions

HTML

图 1 试验系统示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of test system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 试验段示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of test device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 旋流器示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of swirler

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 旋流器内外环结构参数示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of structural parameters of inner and outer ring of swirler

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 无CO₂入口熄火试验数据分布图

Figure 5. Distribution diagram of point flameout experimental data without CO₂ inlet

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同当量比下熄火极限氧质量分数数据分布图

Figure 6. Data distribution diagram of flameout limit oxygen mass fraction at different equivalent ratios

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 不同氧质量分数下的燃烧火焰形态

Figure 7. Combustion flame morphology under different oxygen mass fractions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 测量耙测量点分布图

Figure 8. Distribution diagram of measuring points of measuring rake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 火焰温度分布图

Figure 9. Flame temperature distribution

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 燃烧排放产物NOx分布图

Figure 10. NOx distribution of combustion emission products

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 旋流器结构参数

Table 1. Swirler structure parameters

参数	数值
$ \theta $/（°）	42
孔板阻塞比	0.58
S	0.512
R_c/mm	20
D₁/mm	3.0
D₂/mm	3.2
D₃/mm	3.4
R_i/mm	31.7

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 NOVA plus烟气分析仪技术参数

Table 2. NOVA plus technical parameters of flue gas analyzer

组分	测量方法	体积分数
组分	测量方法	测量范围/10⁻⁶	分辨率/10⁻⁶	精度/%
NOx	电化学	0～1000	1	±5
CO	红外吸收	0～4000	1	±5
O₂	电化学	0～210000	1000	±0.2
CO₂	红外吸收	0～200000	100	±5

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(34)

[1]	国家环境保护总局. 火电厂大气污染排放标准: GB 13223-2011[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社,2011.
[2]	陈丹之. 燃烧室中喷水的燃气轮机循环方案的分析研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报,1962(1): 66-77. CHEN Danzhi. Analysis and research of gas turbine cycle scheme for water spraying in combustor[J]. Journal of Xi 'an Jiaotong University,1962(1): 66-77. (in Chinese CHEN Danzhi. Analysis and research of gas turbine cycle scheme for water spraying in combustor[J]. Journal of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, 1962(1): 66-77. (in Chinese)
[3]	周见广,臧述升,翁史烈. 湿度对HAT循环燃烧室旋流扩散燃烧特性的影响[J]. 热能动力工程,2004,19(4): 363-366,391. ZHOU Jianguang,ZANG Shusheng,WENG Shilie. The Influence of Humidity on the Swirl Diffusion-combustion Characteristics in a Humid Air turbine (HAT) Cycle Combustor[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2004,19(4): 363-366,391. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2060.2004.04.008 ZHOU Jianguang, ZANG Shusheng, WENG Shilie. The Influence of Humidity on the Swirl Diffusion-combustion Characteristics in a Humid Air turbine (HAT) Cycle Combustor[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2004, 19(4): 363-366, 391. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2060.2004.04.008
[4]	金戈. 航改型燃气轮机双燃料燃烧室喷水降排放试验研究[J]. 燃气轮机技术,2016,29(4): 49-52,48. JIN Ge. Research on water injection test for emissions reduction of dual fuel combustor of aero derivative gas turbine[J]. Gas Turbine Technology,2016,29(4): 49-52,48. (in Chinese JIN Ge. Research on water injection test for emissions reduction of dual fuel combustor of aero derivative gas turbine[J]. Gas Turbine Technology, 2016, 29(4): 49-52, 48. (in Chinese)
[5]	尹娟,翁一武,李明. 贫燃催化燃烧燃气轮机部分负荷特性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2010,30(23): 1-7. YIN Juan,WENG Yiwu,LI Ming. Investigation on part load characteristics of gas turbine with a lean-burn catalytic combustion chamber[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(23): 1-7. (in Chinese YIN Juan, WENG Yiwu, LI Ming. Investigation on part load characteristics of gas turbine with a lean-burn catalytic combustion chamber[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(23): 1-7. (in Chinese)
[6]	尹娟,翁一武. 贫燃催化燃烧燃气轮机的研究进展[J]. 热能动力工程,2010,25(3): 249-253. YIN Juan,WENG Yiwu. Research advances concerning lean-burning catalytic combustion-based gas turbines[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2010,25(3): 249-253. (in Chinese YIN Juan, WENG Yiwu. Research advances concerning lean-burning catalytic combustion-based gas turbines[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2010, 25(3): 249-253. (in Chinese)
[7]	桑振坤,张倩倩,薄泽民,等. 催化燃烧与旋转回热耦合的燃气轮机性能分析[J]. 机械工程学报,2016,52(12): 144-151. SANG Zhenkun,ZHANG Qianqian,BO Zemin,et al. Thermal performance analysis of coupled catalytic combustion and rotary regenerative of gas turbine[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(12): 144-151. (in Chinese doi: 10.3901/JME.2016.12.144 SANG Zhenkun, ZHANG Qianqian, BO Zemin, et al. Thermal performance analysis of coupled catalytic combustion and rotary regenerative of gas turbine[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(12): 144-151. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3901/JME.2016.12.144
[8]	吉雍彬,葛冰,毛荣海,等. 富油/焠熄/贫油(RQL)燃烧室燃烧和排放特性的实验研究[J]. 推进技术,2017,38(6): 1335-1342. JI Yongbin,GE Bing,MAO Ronghai,et al. Experimental investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of rich-burn/quick-quench/lean-burn (RQL)combustor[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology,2017,38(6): 1335-1342. (in Chinese JI Yongbin, GE Bing, MAO Ronghai, et al. Experimental investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of rich-burn/quick-quench/lean-burn (RQL)combustor[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(6): 1335-1342. (in Chinese)
[9]	陈坚,李建中,翟维阔,等. 富油燃烧/快速淬熄/贫油燃烧(RQL)燃烧室燃烧中间组分及火焰结构特征研究[J]. 推进技术,2018,39(11): 2539-2547. CHEN Jian,LI Jianzhong,ZHAI Weikuo,et al. Research on characteristics of combustion intermediate components and flame structure in rich-burn/quick-quench/lean-burn(RQL)combustor[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology,2018,39(11): 2539-2547. (in Chinese CHEN Jian, LI Jianzhong, ZHAI Weikuo, et al. Research on characteristics of combustion intermediate components and flame structure in rich-burn/quick-quench/lean-burn(RQL)combustor[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2018, 39(11): 2539-2547. (in Chinese)
[10]	金明,袁逸人,张自来,等. 不同长高比RQL燃烧室燃烧和排放特性研究[J]. 动力工程学报,2019,39(12): 966-972,988. JIN Ming,YUAN Yiren,ZHANG Zilai,et al. Combustion and emission characteristics of a RQL combustor at different length-height ratios[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2019,39(12): 966-972,988. (in Chinese JIN Ming, YUAN Yiren, ZHANG Zilai, et al. Combustion and emission characteristics of a RQL combustor at different length-height ratios[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2019, 39(12): 966-972, 988. (in Chinese)
[11]	于亮,袁书生. 基于等效理论的RQL燃烧室掺混特性研究[J]. 火箭推进,2013,39(2): 19-23,28. YU Liang,YUAN Shusheng. Simulation study of mixing characteristics of RQL combustor based on equivalent theory[J]. Journal of Rocket Propulsion,2013,39(2): 19-23,28. (in Chinese doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9374.2013.02.004 YU Liang, YUAN Shusheng. Simulation study of mixing characteristics of RQL combustor based on equivalent theory[J]. Journal of Rocket Propulsion, 2013, 39(2): 19-23, 28. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9374.2013.02.004
[12]	高磊,汪军. 燃气轮机燃烧室的现状及发展趋势[J]. 能源研究与信息,2017,33(3): 159-166. GAO Lei,WANG Jun. Current situation and development trend of gas turbine Combulators[J]. Energy Research and Information,2017,33(3): 159-166. (in Chinese GAO Lei, WANG Jun. Current situation and development trend of gas turbine Combulators[J]. Energy Research and Information, 2017, 33(3): 159-166. (in Chinese)
[13]	张健,周力行. 突扩燃烧室湍流预混燃烧温度场的测量[J]. 航空动力学报,1995,10(4): 417-419. ZHANG Jian,ZHOU Lixing. Measurement of turbulent Premixed combustion temperature field in a sudden expansion combuster[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,1995,10(4): 417-419. (in Chinese ZHANG Jian, ZHOU Lixing. Measurement of turbulent Premixed combustion temperature field in a sudden expansion combuster[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 1995, 10(4): 417-419. (in Chinese)
[14]	王朝晖,王成军,王丹丹,等. 燃气轮机燃烧室气体燃料的数值模拟[J]. 沈阳航空工业学院学报,1996,27(2): 11-14. WANG Zhaohui,WANG Chengjun,WANG Dandan,et al. Numerical simulation of gas fuel in gas turbine combuster[J]. Journal of Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Technology,1996,27(2): 11-14. (in Chinese WANG Zhaohui, WANG Chengjun, WANG Dandan, et al. Numerical simulation of gas fuel in gas turbine combuster[J]. Journal of Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Technology, 1996, 27(2): 11-14. (in Chinese)
[15]	马静,郭志辉. 贫燃预混旋流火焰的模态转换燃烧不稳定特性分析[J]. 推进技术,2020,41(5): 1072-1081. MA Jing,GUO Zhihui. Analysis of combustion instability characteristics of mode switching on lean-premixed swirling flame[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology,2020,41(5): 1072-1081. (in Chinese MA Jing, GUO Zhihui. Analysis of combustion instability characteristics of mode switching on lean-premixed swirling flame[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2020, 41(5): 1072-1081. (in Chinese)
[16]	葛宏达. 贫燃预混旋流燃烧的火焰特性与吹熄不稳定性[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学,2019. GE Hongda. Flame characteristics and blow-out instability of lean premixed swirl combustion[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology,2019. (in Chinese GE Hongda. Flame characteristics and blow-out instability of lean premixed swirl combustion[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2019. (in Chinese)
[17]	于丹,郭志辉,杨甫江. 贫燃预混燃烧室中的分布式火焰传递函数分析[J]. 推进技术,2016,37(12): 2210-2218. YU Dan,GUO Zhihui,YANG Fujiang. Experimentally study on distribution of flame transfer function in a lean premixed combustor[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology,2016,37(12): 2210-2218. (in Chinese YU Dan, GUO Zhihui, YANG Fujiang. Experimentally study on distribution of flame transfer function in a lean premixed combustor[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2016, 37(12): 2210-2218. (in Chinese)
[18]	BEDAT B. Experimental study of premixed flames in intense isotropic turbulence[J]. Combustion and Flame,1995,100(3): 485-494. doi: 10.1016/0010-2180(94)00138-I
[19]	CHENG R K. Velocity and scalar characteristics of premixed turbulent flames stabilized by weak swirl[J]. Combustion and Flame,1995,101(1/2): 1-14.
[20]	JOHNSON M R,LITTLEJOHN D,NAZEER W A,et al. A comparison of the flowfields and emissions of high-swirl injectors and low-swirl injectors for lean premixed gas turbines[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2005,30(2): 2867-2874. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2004.07.040
[21]	CHAN C K,LAU K S,CHIN W K,et al. Freely propagating open premixed turbulent flames stabilized by swirl[J]. Symposium (International) on Combustion,1992,24(1): 511-518. doi: 10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80065-2
[22]	YEGIAN D T,CHENG R K. Development of a lean premixed low-swirl burner for low NOx practical applications[J]. Combustion Science and Technology,1998,139(1): 207-227. doi: 10.1080/00102209808952088
[23]	SAEDIAMIRI M,BIROUK M,KOZINSKI J A. On the stability of a turbulent non-premixed biogas flame: effect of low swirl strength[J]. Combustion and Flame,2014,161(5): 1326-1336. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.11.002
[24]	LEONARD G,STEGMAIER J. Development of an aeroderivative gas turbine dry low emissions combustion system[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,1994,116(3): 542-546. doi: 10.1115/1.2906853
[25]	LAZIK W,DOERR T,BAKE S,et al. Development of lean-burn low-NOx combustion technology at rolls-royce Deutschland[R]. ASME GT-2008-5115,2008.
[26]	LITTLEJOHN D,CHENG R K. Fuel effects on a low-swirl injector for lean premixed gas turbines[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2007,31(2): 3155-3162. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.146
[27]	尹航,钟仕立,戴韧,等. 合成气低旋流燃烧器设计与流动结构的分析[J]. 动力工程学报,2011,31(9): 664-671. YIN Hang,ZHONG Shili,DAI Ren,et al. Design and flow structure analysis of syngas low-swirl burner[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2011,31(9): 664-671. (in Chinese YIN Hang, ZHONG Shili, DAI Ren, et al. Design and flow structure analysis of syngas low-swirl burner[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2011, 31(9): 664-671. (in Chinese)
[28]	邓洋波,刘阳,朱公志. 低旋流燃烧和流动特性数值模拟研究[J]. 大连海事学院学报,2009,35(4): 99-102. DENG Yangbo,LIU Yang,ZHU Gongzhi. Numerical simulation of low-swirl combustion and flow characteristics[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University,2009,35(4): 99-102. (in Chinese DENG Yangbo, LIU Yang, ZHU Gongzhi. Numerical simulation of low-swirl combustion and flow characteristics[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2009, 35(4): 99-102. (in Chinese)
[29]	EMADI M,KARKOW D,SALAMEH T,et al. Flame structure changes resulting from hydrogen-enrichment and pressurization for low-swirl premixed methane–air flames[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2012,37(13): 10397-10404. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.017
[30]	MONGIA H. On continuous NOx reduction of aero-propulsion engines[R]. AIAA-2010-1329,2010.
[31]	CHENG R K,LITTLEJOHN D,NAZEER W A,et al. Laboratory studies of the flow field characteristics of low-swirl injectors for adaptation to fuel-flexible turbines[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2008,130(2): 1.
[32]	弗兰克P 英克鲁佩勒,大卫 P 德维特,迪奥多尔 L 伯格曼,等. 传热和传质基本原理[M]. 葛新石,叶宏,译. 北京: 化学工业出版社,2008.
[33]	PLESSING T,KORTSCHIK C,PETERS N,et al. Measurements of the turbulent burning velocity and the structure of premixed flames on a low-swirl burner[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2000,28(1): 359-366. doi: 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80231-3
[34]	陈立,李祥晟. 低旋流CH₄/H₂火焰的燃烧特性及稳定性机制研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报,2017,51(1): 72-78. CHEN Li,LI Xiangsheng. Study on the combustion characteristics and stabilization mechanism of low swirl CH₄/H₂ flame[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2017,51(1): 72-78. (in Chinese CHEN Li, LI Xiangsheng. Study on the combustion characteristics and stabilization mechanism of low swirl CH₄/H₂ flame[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2017, 51(1): 72-78. (in Chinese)