低温表面莱顿弗罗斯特效应与管壁降温规律

王磊; 程诚; 田桂; 李卓伦; 厉彦忠

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230215

低温表面莱顿弗罗斯特效应与管壁降温规律

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230215

1.
西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院制冷与低温工程研究所，西安 710049
2.
上海空间推进研究所上海空间发动机工程技术研究中心，上海 201112

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51976151）

详细信息

作者简介:
王磊（1985−），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事航天低温推进剂技术方面的研究。E-mail：wanglei-epe@xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V511⁺.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-04
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-25

Leidenfrost effect on cryogenic surface and its influence on pipe wall chilldown performance

1.
Department of Refrigeration & Cryogenic Engineering，School of Energy and Power Engineering，Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710049，China
2.
Shanghai Institute of Space Propulsion，Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Space Engine，Shanghai 201112，China

摘要

摘要:
以莱顿弗罗斯特效应为判定标准，对比分析了金属结构采用不同表面改性技术对加速预冷的作用机理与降温效果。搭建了低温预冷试验平台，测试了微肋管的预冷规律。研究表明，微肋结构可在反环状流气膜内诱发径向分速度，通过激发界面波动或液体撕裂促进液体与金属壁接触，能够有效抑制莱顿弗罗斯特效应的发生，实现预冷加速。微肋管可达到预冷耗时减少、液体消耗量节约的双目标。当采用微肋管时，因莱顿弗罗斯特效应被抑制，预冷中管壁温度近似线性降低。相较于光管预冷，微肋管预冷耗时减少50%～63%，液体消耗量节约59%～69%。在所研究工况内，微肋管预冷效率为7%～40%，光管预冷效率为10%～22%。研究可为高效利用低温推进剂提供可靠的理论支撑。
- 低温推进剂 /
- 管路预冷 /
- 沸腾换热 /
- 表面改性 /
- 莱顿弗罗斯特效应
Abstract:
Taking Leidenfrost effect as the criterion, the heat and mass transfer mechanisms and wall temperature decrease effects among different surface modification techniques on fast chilldown were compared and analysed. A test platform was established to study the chilldown characteristics of micro-fin tube. The results demonstrated that the micro-fin structure could motivate a radial velocity component inside the inversed annular vapor film. This radial velocity struck the liquid-vapor interface, bringing about a significant interface fluctuation or tearing the liquid column. Therefore, an early liquid-wall contacting heat transfer, represented as the suppresion of Leidenfrost effect, could be yielded by which a chilldown acceleration was reached. Moreover, the micro-fin tube could attain the dual-purpose of reducing time cost and saving propellant consumption. When a micro-fin tube was adopted, the Leidenfrost effect did not occur so the tube wall probably experienced an approximately linear temperature decrease. Compared with the smooth tube cases, the time cost was reduced by 50%—63% and the liquid consumption decreased by 59%—69%. In addition, for the present experimental results, the chilldown efficiencies of the micro-fin tube cases were about 7%—40%, and the results for the straight tube cases were about 10%—22%. Generally, the present research provides a reliable theoretical support for the high-efficient utilization of cryogenic propellant in aerospace field.
- cryogenic propellant /
- pipeline chilldown /
- boiling heat transfer /
- surface modification /
- Leidenfrost effect

HTML

图 1 金属管内表面不同结构改性及对两相流型影响

Figure 1. Comparison of different surface modification techniques at metal tube inner surface and their effects on two-phase flow patterns

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图 2 低温管路预冷测试平台示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of cryogenic pipeline chilldown platform

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图 3 测试管路结构与测点位置

Figure 3. Structures of test sections as well as measured points positions

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图 4 光管预冷与微肋管预冷降温曲线与沸腾曲线对比

Figure 4. Comparison of temperature decreasing curves and boiling curves between smooth pipe and micro-fin pipe cases

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图 5 光管与微肋管预冷耗时对比

Figure 5. Comparison of chilldown time costs between smooth pipe case and micro-fin pipe cases

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图 6 低导热涂层管路预冷、改性表面池沸腾预冷耗时比较

Figure 6. Comparison of chilldown time costs among low-conductivity layer pipe cases and different modified surfaces pool quenching cases

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图 7 光管与微肋管预冷液体消耗量比较

Figure 7. Comparison of liquid consumptions between smooth pipe case and micro-fin tube cases

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图 8 同厚度低导热涂层管预冷液体消耗量比较^[12]

Figure 8. Comparison of liquid consumptions among different thickness low-conductivity layer pipe cases^[12]

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图 9 光管与微肋管预冷效率比较

Figure 9. Comparison of chilldown efficiency between smooth tube cases and micro-fin tube cases

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c_t/（J/（kg·K））	金属管比热容	r_i/m	金属管内半径
h_i/（W/（m²·K））	管内传热系数	r_o/m	金属管外半径
h_fg/（J/kg）	气化潜热	R_o/m	珠光砂绝热层半径
κ_p/（W/（ m·K））	珠光砂导热系数	Re	入口雷诺数
κ_t/（W/（ m·K））	金属管导热系数	t/s	时间
m_ss/kg	金属管总质量	t_total/s	预冷耗时
m_total/kg	预冷液体消耗质量	T_i/K	管内壁温度
$\dot m$/（kg/s）	质量流率	T_f,sat/K	管内流体饱和温度
q_i/（W/m²）	管内换热热流密度	T_o/K	金属管外壁温
q_w/（W/m²）	通过管外壁换热热流密度	T_w/K	珠光砂绝热外层温度
q_cond/（W/m²）	通过珠光砂漏热热流密度	α_t/（m²/s）	金属管热扩散系数
Q_line/J	预冷管壁释热量	ρ_t/（kg/m³）	金属管密度
Q_flow/J	预冷过程液体总相变热	η	预冷效率

下载: 导出CSV

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