Study and analysis of intake and exhaust system of electric turbocharged aviation piston engine
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摘要:
针对无人机高空巡航动力性不足的问题，对某电动增压航空活塞发动机进排气系统进行了分析研究。建立了增压发动机一维仿真模型并进行了试验验证；为了提高发动机的进气均匀性，在进气系统中基于DoE（design of experiment）方法对进气稳压箱进行了优化改进，对比分析了改进前后进气稳压箱流场性能，流量测试结果表明：优化后的进气稳压箱最大可降低2.06 g/s的流量差异以及9.45%的进气不均匀度；为减小航空活塞发动机增压后导致的进排气短路损失，提出了排气背压阀控制策略，通过分析排气背压阀对发动机工作性能的影响得出排气背压阀开度控制MAP图，结果表明：全负荷工况下基于排气背压阀控制策略发动机在海拔
7000 m时功率恢复至70.9%，比未加排气背压阀控制的发动机功率恢复效果提升了7%。Abstract:Considering the problem of insufficient power of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) in high-altitude cruising, the intake and exhaust system of an electric turbocharged aviation piston engine was analyzed and studied. A one-dimensional simulation model of the supercharged engine was established and verified by experiments. In order to improve the intake uniformity of the engine, the intake pressure stabilizer box was optimized based on the DoE (design of experiment) method in the intake system. The flow field performance of the intake pressure stabilizer box before and after optimization was compared and analyzed. The flow test results showed that: the optimized inlet pressure stabilizer can reduce the flow difference of 2.06 g/s and the inlet unevenness of 9.45% at most. In order to reduce the short-circuit loss of intake and exhaust caused by pressurization of aviation piston engine, the control strategy of exhaust back pressure valve was proposed. By analyzing the influence of exhaust back pressure valve on engine performance, the control MAP of exhaust back pressure valve opening was obtained. The results showed that: under full load condition, the power of the engine based on the control strategy of exhaust backpressure valve was restored to 70.9% at an altitude of
7000 m, which was 7% higher than that of the engine without exhaust backpressure valve control. -
图 7 改进前后稳压箱速度云图
Figure 7. Pressure box velocity cloud image before and after improvement
图 8 改进前后稳压箱湍动能云图
Figure 8. Pressure box turbulent kinetic energy cloud image before and after improvement
图 10 不同电动增压器转速下稳压箱出口空气质量流量变化
Figure 10. Change of air quality flow at the outlet of pressure stabilizing box under different electric supercharger speeds
图 11 不同电动增压器转速下稳压箱进气不均匀度
Figure 11. Intake unevenness of pressure stabilizing box under different electric supercharger speeds
图 13 不同排气背压阀开度对发动机换气评价参数的影响
Figure 13. Influence of different exhaust back pressure valve openings on engine air exchange evaluation parameters
图 14 不同排气背压阀开度发动机与电动增压器联合运行点
Figure 14. Joint operation point of engine and electric supercharger with different opening degrees of exhaust back pressure valve
图 16 全负荷工况下发动机海拔功率特性图
Figure 16. Altitude power characteristics of engine under full load condition
表 1 发动机基本技术参数
Table 1. Basic technical parameters of engine
参数 数值及说明 缸径/mm 66 活塞行程/mm 54 发动机排量/mL 370 冷却方式 风冷 最大功率/kW 17.2 最大扭矩/（N·m） 26.3 
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表 2 试验设计优化参数
Table 2. Experimental design optimization parameters
参数 设置值 转速/（r/min） 5400 节气门开度/（°） 60 稳压箱容积/L 1.5, 1.8, 2.0 进气歧管长度/cm 10～30
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