动压型分瓣式浮环密封泄漏特性流固热耦合数值研究

任国哲; 李延鹏; 孙丹; 赵欢; 温帅方; 王鑫宇

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230261

动压型分瓣式浮环密封泄漏特性流固热耦合数值研究

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230261

任国哲^{1, 2,},
李延鹏^{1, 2},
孙丹^{1, 2,*, ,},
赵欢^{1, 2},
温帅方^{1, 2},
王鑫宇^{1, 2}

1.
沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136
2.
沈阳航空航天大学沈阳市透平机械先进密封技术重点实验室，沈阳 110136

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52075346）；中国航空发动机集团产学研合作项目（HFZL2021CXY012）；辽宁省自然科学基金（2022-MS-301）

详细信息

作者简介:
任国哲（1987-），男，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为航空发动机轴承腔两相流及封严技术。E-mail：renguozhe7917@163.com

通讯作者:
孙丹（1981-），男，教授，博士，主要从事透平机械先进密封技术研究。E-mail：phd_sundan@163.com

中图分类号: V233.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-21
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-04

Numerical study on leakage characteristics of dynamic pressure split floating ring seal with fluid-solid-thermal coupling

REN Guozhe^{1, 2
,},
LI Yanpeng^{1, 2},
SUN Dan^{1, 2,*
, ,},
ZHAO Huan^{1, 2},
WEN Shuaifang^{1, 2},
WANG Xinyu^{1, 2}

1.
Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System，School of Aero-engine，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
2.
Key Laboratory of Turbomachinery Advanced Seal Technology，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China

摘要

摘要:
分析了分瓣式浮环密封流固热耦合理论，建立了有槽和无槽这3种结构分瓣式浮环密封流固热耦合数值求解模型，在验证数值方法准确性的基础上，研究了无浅槽、矩形槽和三角槽这3种结构的分瓣式浮环密封在高温高压气体耦合作用下随不同入口压力、温度和转速下的流场特性、力学特性以及泄漏特性。结果表明：3种浅槽结构的分瓣式浮环密封流固热耦合数值求解模型，可准确求解流场特性、力学特性和泄漏特性。流体在高速剪切力的作用下沿周向运动，由于挤压使浅槽结构产生局部高压区，形成动压效应；同一入口压力工况下，具有三角槽结构的分瓣式浮环密封开启力最大，入口压力为600 kPa时相比于无浅槽结构增加9.6%，且泄漏量保持相对较小；温度对浮环开启力影响很小，且温度越高泄漏量越小，最大减小6%；转速对矩形槽和三角槽结构浮环开启力影响较大，且最大增加3.2%，对闭合力和泄漏量影响很小。
- 动压型分瓣式浮环密封 /
- 流固热耦合 /
- 泄漏特性 /
- 开启力 /
- 闭合力
Abstract:
The fluid-solid-thermal coupling theory of the split floating ring seal was analyzed, and a numerical solution model of fluid-solid-thermal coupling of split floating ring seals with/without grooves was established. On the basis of verifying the accuracy of the numerical method, the flow field characteristics, mechanical characteristics and leakage characteristics of the segmented floating ring seal without shallow groove, rectangular groove and triangular groove under the coupling effect of high temperature and high pressure with different inlet pressure, temperature and speed were studied. The results showed that the fluid-solid-thermal coupling numerical solution model of three kinds of shallow-groove structure floating ring seal can accurately solve the flow field characteristics, mechanical characteristics and leakage characteristics. The fluid moved along the circumferential direction under the action of high-speed shear force, and the local high-pressure zone was generated in the shallow groove structure due to extrusion, which formed the dynamic pressure effect. Under the same inlet pressure condition, the split floating ring seal with triangular groove structure had the largest opening force. When the inlet pressure was 600 kPa, it increased by 9.6% compared with the structure without shallow groove, and the leakage amount was kept relatively small. The temperature had little effect on the opening force of the floating ring, and the higher temperature indicated the smaller leakage amount, the maximum reduction was 6%. The rotating speed had a great influence on the opening force of the floating ring of rectangular groove and triangular groove structure, and the maximum increase was 3.2%, but had little influence on the closing force and leakage.
- dynamic pressure split floating ring seal /
- fluid-solid-thermal coupling /
- leakage characteristics /
- open force /
- closing force

HTML

图 1 分瓣式浮环密封结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of sealing structure of split floating ring

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图 2 动压型分瓣式浮环密封示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of dynamic pressure split floating ring seal

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图 3 浮环受力示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of floating ring force

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图 4 分瓣式浮环密封流固热耦合计算流程图

Figure 4. Fluid-solid-thermal coupling calculation flow chart of split floating ring seal

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图 5 浮环密封结构示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of floating ring seal structure

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图 6 无浅槽模型

Figure 6. Model without slot

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图 7 矩形槽模型

Figure 7. Rectangular slot model

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图 8 三角槽模型

Figure 8. Triangular groove model

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图 9 网格无关性验证

Figure 9. Grid independence verification

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图 10 无浅槽结构网格划分

Figure 10. Meshing of structure without slot

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图 11 矩形槽结构网格划分

Figure 11. Meshing of rectangular slot structure

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图 12 三角槽结构网格划分

Figure 12. Meshing of triangular groove structure

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图 13 几何模型二维示意图（单位：mm）^[8]

Figure 13. Two-dimension schematic diagram of geometric model （unit：mm）^[8]

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图 14 流场压力分布云图

Figure 14. Pressure distribution cloud of flow field

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图 15 流场温度分布云图

Figure 15. Temperature distribution cloud of flow field

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图 16 入口压力对开启力的影响

Figure 16. Influence of inlet pressure on opening force

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图 17 入口温度对开启力的影响

Figure 17. Influence of inlet temperature on opening force

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图 18 开启力和闭合力随转速变化

Figure 18. Opening force and closing force changing with rotational speed

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图 19 入口压力对泄漏量的影响

Figure 19. Influence of inlet pressure on leakage

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图 20 入口温度对泄漏量的影响

Figure 20. Influence of inlet temperature on leakage

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图 21 转速对泄漏量的影响

Figure 21. Influence of speed on leakage

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表 1 浮环结构参数

Table 1. Structure parameters of floating ring

参数	数值
气膜厚度h_m/μm	10
横槽深度h₁/mm	0.8
浅槽深度h₃/mm	0.3
环槽宽度b₂/mm	2
三角槽轴向间距b₄/mm	1.5
横槽宽度L₂/mm	16
顶角θ/（°）	50
环槽深度h₂/mm	0.8
主密封面坝区宽度b₁/mm	0.7
单侧密封台宽度b₃/mm	100
浅槽宽度L₁/mm	0.3
封严半径/mm	104.5

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表 2 材料属性

Table 2. Material properties

参数	数值
参数	石墨	结构钢
密度/（kg/m³）	1930	7800
弹性模量/GPa	14	206
泊松比	0.25	0.3

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表 3 浮环密封数值模型和工况参数

Table 3. Numerical model and working condition parameters of floating ring seal

参数	数值或说明
流体属性	理想气体
入口压力/kPa	200～600
入口温度/℃	300～500
湍流模型	k-ε
出口压力/kPa	20
转速/（r/min）	12000

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表 4 边界条件参数

Table 4. Boundary condition parameters

参数	数值或说明
流体属性	理想气体
入口压力/kPa	345
入口温度/℃	21
湍流模型	k-ε
出口压力/kPa	100
转速/（rad/s）	3140

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表 5 准确性验证

Table 5. Accuracy verification

浅槽槽深/ μm	泄漏量/（g/s）		相对误差/%
浅槽槽深/ μm	文献[8]	本文	相对误差/%
20	0.631	0.614	2.7
25	0.805	0.816	1.1
30	0.959	0.969	1.04

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