Research on the influence of water injection parameters on flow field of rocket jets
-
摘要:
为了研究火箭起飞时不同注水参数对火箭尾焰喷流流场的影响规律，以某火箭发动机缩比喷管为研究对象，基于计算流体力学（CFD）方法及Mixture多相流模型开展了注水时单喷管火箭喷流流场的数值计算研究。以注水速度、流量、位置等注水条件为变量，量化分析了注水对火箭喷流平均温度、压力、速度和湍动能场的影响。结果表明：注水速度大于30 m/s时，可有效降低喷管射流的温度和速度，当注水速度低于20 m/s时，注水对喷流轴线上物理量的影响变小；注水速度为30 m/s，且流量大于2.2倍喷管射流秒流量时，可以有效降低喷管射流温度和速度；注水与喷流作用点位于喷管射流前三个激波位置时，注水对喷流降温降速效果较好，且作用点越靠近上游，对喷管射流的影响越明显，但实际工程应用中应避免注水溅到喷管上。
Abstract:A study on the effects of different water injection conditions on the jet flow field of a rocket model was performed. The numerical calculation of the jet flow field of a single nozzle rocket during water injection was carried out based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Mixture model. The effects of water injection on average temperature, pressure, velocity and turbulent kinetic energy field of rocket jet were analyzed in different water injection velocities and flow rate conditions. The results showed that when the water injection speed was greater than 30 m/s, the temperature and speed of the nozzle jet can be effectively reduced. When the water injection speed was lower than 20 m/s, the influence of water injection on physical quantity of the jet axis became smaller. When the water injection speed was 30 m/s and the flow rate was more than 2.2 times the nozzle jet second flow rate, the nozzle jet temperature and speed can be effectively reduced. When the action point of water injection and the jet were located at the first three shock wave positions of the nozzle jet, the water injection had a good effect on the jet cooling and velocity reduction, and the closer the operation point was to the upstream, the more obvious the impact on the nozzle jet was. However, in practical engineering applications, the injection should avoid splashing on the nozzle.
-
Key words:
- rockets /
- water injection /
- gas-liquid multiphase flow /
- flow field of jet /
- cooling and slowing
-
图 14 注水时喷管燃气流向截面温度云图
Figure 14. Temperature contour of nozzle jet with water injection in direction of fluid
图 16 汽化与无汽化时喷管轴线上的密度对比
Figure 16. Comparison of density on nozzle axis between vaporization and no-vaporization
图 17 汽化与无汽化时喷管轴线上的静压分布
Figure 17. Comparison of static pressure on nozzle axis between vaporization and no-vaporization
图 18 汽化与无汽化时距离喷管出口20D处X方向上的温度分布
Figure 18. Comparison of temperature in X direction on 20D between vaporization and no-vaporization
图 21 不同注水速度时喷管轴线上的静压分布图
Figure 21. Static pressure on nozzle axis of different velocity of water injection
图 22 距离喷管出口5D处X方向上的不同注水速度时的静温分布图
Figure 22. Static temperature of different water injection velocity in X direction on 5D
图 23 不同注水速度时喷管轴线上的静温分布线图
Figure 23. Static temperature on nozzle axis of different velocity of water injection
图 24 不同注水速度时喷管轴线上的速度分布线图
Figure 24. Velocity magnitude on nozzle axis of different velocity of water injection
图 25 不同注水速度时喷管轴线上的湍动能分布线图
Figure 25. Turbulence kinetic energy on nozzle axis of different velocity of water injection
图 26 注水速度20 m/s时水蒸气体积分数图
Figure 26. Volume fraction contour of vapour while the water injection velocity is 20 m/s
图 27 注水速度30 m/s时水蒸气体积分数图
Figure 27. Volume fraction contour of vapour while the water injection velocity is 30 m/s
图 28 注水速度40 m/s时水蒸气体积分数图
Figure 28. Volume fraction contour of vapour while the water injection velocity is 40 m/s
图 29 注水管宽度L2=10 mm时的静压云图
Figure 29. Static pressure contour of water injection pipe width at L2=10 mm
图 30 注水管宽度L2=70 mm时的静压云图
Figure 30. Static pressure contour of water injection pipe width at L2=70 mm
图 31 注水管在不同宽度时喷管轴线上的压力分布图
Figure 31. Static pressure on nozzle axis of different size of water injection pipe
图 32 距离喷管出口5D处X方向上不同注水管宽度时的温度分布图
Figure 32. Static temperature of different size of water injection pipe in X direction on 5D
图 33 注水管在不同宽度时喷管轴线上的静温分布图
Figure 33. Static temperature on nozzle axis of different size of water injection pipe
图 34 注水管在不同宽度时喷管轴线上的速度分布图
Figure 34. Velocity magnitude on nozzle axis of different size of water injection pipe
图 35 不同注水管宽度时喷管轴线上的湍动能分布图
Figure 35. Turbulent kinetic energy on nozzle axis of different size of water injection pipe
图 36 注水管宽度10 mm时水蒸气体积分数图
Figure 36. Volume fraction contour of vapour while the water injection pipe width is 10 mm
图 37 注水管宽度50 mm时水蒸气体积分数图
Figure 37. Volume fraction contour of vapour while the water injection pipe width is 50 mm
图 38 注水速度8 m/s时Y方向截面温度云图
Figure 38. Temperature contour in Y direction while the water injection velocity is 8 m/s
图 39 注水速度66 m/s时Y方向截面温度云图
Figure 39. Temperature contour in Y direction while the water injection velocity is 66 m/s
图 40 不同注水速度时喷管轴线上的静温分布图
Figure 40. Static pressure on nozzle axis of different velocity of water injection
图 41 不同注水速度时喷管轴线上的速度分布图
Figure 41. Velocity magnitude on nozzle axis of different velocity of water injection
图 42 不同注水速度时喷管轴线上的湍动能分布图
Figure 42. Turbulent kinetic energy on nozzle axis of different velocity of water injection
图 43 注水高度h=−25 mm时的静压分布图
Figure 43. Static pressure contour of water injection height h=−25 mm
图 44 注水高度h=150 mm时的静压分布图
Figure 44. Static pressure contour of water injection height h=150 mm
图 45 不同注水高度时喷管轴线上的静温分布图
Figure 45. Static temperature on nozzle axis of different water injection height
图 46 不同注水高宽度时喷管轴线上的速度分布图
Figure 46. Velocity magnitude on nozzle axis of different water injection height
图 47 不同注水高宽度时喷管轴线上的湍动能分布图
Figure 47. Turbulent kinetic energy on nozzle axis of different water injection height
图 48 注水高度h=150 mm时的静温云图
Figure 48. Static temperature contour of water injection height h=150 mm
图 49 注水高度h=150 mm时的密度云图
Figure 49. Denisty contour of water injection height at h=150 mm
表 1 燃气喷管工况
Table 1. Gas nozzle condition
参数 数值 喷管入口直径D1/mm 50 喷管喉道直径D2/mm 19 喷管出口直径D/mm 67 喷管长度L/mm 207 喷管进口总压p*/106 Pa 5.5 喷管进口总温T*/K 3700 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 燃气物性参数表
Table 2. Gas property parameter
参数 数值 摩尔质量M /（g/mol） 25.88 比定压热容cp/ （kJ/（kg∙K）） 1.9174 导热系数/（W/（m∙K）） 0.205 动力黏度/10−5 （kg/（m∙s）） 6.37
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 不同注水速度的工况说明
Table 3. Condition of different water infection velocity
序号 水管出口尺寸/mm 注水流速/（m/s） 注水流量/（kg/s） 1 4×30 20 4.8 2 4×30 30 7.2 3 4×30 35 8.4 4 4×30 40 9.6 5 4×30 45 10.8
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 不同注水管尺寸的工况说明
Table 4. Condition of different size of water injection pipe
序号 水管出口尺寸/mm 注水流速/（m/s） 注水流量/（kg/s） 1 4×6 30 1.44 2 4×10 30 2.4 3 4×20 30 4.8 4 4×30 30 7.2 5 4×50 30 12 6 4×70 30 16.8
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 相同注水流量的工况说明
Table 5. Condition of same water injection flow
序号 水管出口尺寸/mm 注水流速/（m/s） 注水流量/（kg/s） 1 4×6 66.66 3.2 2 4×10 40 3.2 3 4×20 20 3.2 4 4×30 13.33 3.2 5 4×50 8 3.2
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 不同注水管高度的工况说明
Table 6. Condition of different height of water injection pipe
序号 水管出口尺寸/mm 注水流速/（m/s） 注水管高度/mm 1 4×10 40 150 2 4×10 40 50 3 4×10 40 0 4 4×10 40 −25 5 4×10 40 −100
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] KURBJUN M C. Limited investigation of noise suppression by injection of water into exhaust of afterburning jet engine[R]. NACA-RM-L57L05, 1958. [2] GEERY E, GREENWOOD R. Water injection for rapid cooling of a flow of rocket exhaust gases[R]. AIAA 1969-514, 1969. [3] GELY D, ELIAS G, BRESSON C, et al. Reduction of supersonic jet noise-application to the Ariane 5 launch vehicle[R]. AIAA 2000-2026, 2000. [4] 刘俊林,徐希海,张志成,等. 火箭高温高速喷流注水降噪数值计算与分析[J]. 航空学报,2023,44(7): 56-70.LIU Junlin,XU Xihai,ZHANG Zhicheng,et al. Simulation and analysis of noise reduction in high-temperature and high-speed rocket jet by water injection[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2023,44(7): 56-70. (in Chinese) [5] LU Chenyu,ZHOU Zhitan,SHI Yue,et al. Numerical simulations of water spray on launch pad during rocket launching[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,2021,58(2): 566-574. doi: 10.2514/1.A34862 [6] 陈劲松,曾玲芳,平仕良,等. 大型火箭发射喷水降噪技术研究进展[J]. 导弹与航天运载技术,2019(2): 94-100.CHEN Jinsong,ZENG Lingfang,PING Shiliang,et al. Advancesof water suppression technology for large rocket launching noise[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles,2019(2): 94-100. (in Chinese) [7] TAM C K W,CHEN P. Turbulent mixing noise from supersonic jets[J]. AIAA Journal,1994,32(9): 1774-1780. doi: 10.2514/3.12173 [8] TAM C K W. Supersonic jet noise[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,1995,27: 17-43. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fl.27.010195.000313 [9] TAM C K W, AURIAULT L. Jet mixing noise from fine-scale turbulence[J]. AIAA Journal, 1999, 37(2): 145-153. [10] KARABASOV S, BOGEY C, HYNES T. Computation of the noise of initially laminar jets using a statistical approach for the acoustic analogy: application and discussion[R]. AIAA2011-2929, 2011. [11] XU Xihai,LI Xiaodong. Effect of farfield assumption on calculation of green’s function for predicting jet noise[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(9): 2699-2710. [12] XU Xihai,LI Xiaodong. Anisotropic source modelling for turbulent jet noise prediction[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences,2019,377(2159): 20190075.1-20190075.15. [13] 李晓东,徐希海,高军辉,等. 喷流噪声研究进展与展望[J]. 空气动力学学报,2018,36(3): 398-409.LI Xiaodong,XU Xihai,GAO Junhui,et al. Progress and prospect on jet noise study[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2018,36(3): 398-409. (in Chinese) [14] MARGETTS M J, GEERY E L, GREENWOOD R N. Water injection for rapid cooling of a flow of rocket exhaust gases[R]. AIAA 1969-514, 1969. [15] GEERY E, MARGETTS M. Penetration of a high velocity gas stream by a water jet[R]. AIAA1968-604, 1968. [16] MILLER M J, KOO J H, SICKLER F M, et al. Effect of water to ablative performance under solid rocket exhaust environment[R]. AIAA1993-2475, 1993. [17] SANKARAN S,IGNATIUS J K,RAMKUMAR R,et al. Suppression of high Mach number rocket jet noise by water injection[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,2009,46(6): 1164-1170. doi: 10.2514/1.43421 [18] LANGENAIS A,VUILLOT F,TROYES J,et al. Accurate simulation of the noise generated by a hot supersonic jet including turbulence tripping and nonlinear acoustic propagation[J]. Physics of Fluids,2019,31(1): 016105. doi: 10.1063/1.5050905 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 677
- HTML浏览量: 239
- PDF量: 74
- 被引次数: 0