航空重油活塞发动机谐振增压系统设计及优化

赵振峰; 熊竞一; 俞春存; 张广辉; 王尚学

doi:10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230398

航空重油活塞发动机谐振增压系统设计及优化

doi: 10.13224/j.cnki.jasp.20230398

1.
北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081
2.
南京奥吉智能汽车技术研究院有限公司，南京 210000
3.
中国北方发动机研究所，天津 300400

基金项目: 基础产品创新计划（DEDP-145DRCD）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵振峰（1974-），男，教授、博士生导师，博士，主要从事航空活塞发动机领域研究

中图分类号: V234
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- 文章访问数: 665
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-18

Design and optimization of tuned booster system for an aviation heavy fuel piston engine

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering，Being Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China
2.
Nanjing Aoji Intelligent Automotive Technology Research Institute，Nanjing 210000，China
3.
China North Engine Research Institute，Tianjin 300400，China

摘要

摘要:
为了解决二冲程发动机进排气压力强烈耦合导致的增压匹配难题，在传统谐振增压系统设计方法的基础上，提出基于遗传算法的优化方法，综合考虑充量系数和扫气捕获率，对发动机的谐振增压系统关键参数进行优化设计，实现了工作海拔5000 m，发动机功率100%恢复目标。通过地面台架试验对谐振增压系统地面性能进行了验证，仿真结果和试验结果具有较好的一致性。研究表明：采用谐振增压方式能够有效地实现发动机的高空功率恢复，且基于遗传算法的谐振增压系统设计优化方法适用于复杂的多缸增压发动机谐振增压系统匹配。
- 二冲程 /
- 航空重油 /
- 增压匹配 /
- 排气谐振 /
- 遗传算法
Abstract:
In order to solve the problem of turbocharging matching caused by strong coupling in the intake and exhaust pressures of the two-stroke engine, an optimization method using genetic algorithm was proposed based on the traditional design method of tuned booster system. Considering the charging efficiency and scavenging trapping ratio, the engine’s tuned booster system was parametrically designed to achieve 100% power recovery at the altitude of 5 000 m. The ground performance of the system was verified by ground bench test. The simulation and test results were in good agreement. The research showed that tuned booster system can realize the high-altitude power recovery of the engine, and the design method based on genetic algorithm is suitable for the turbocharging matching of complex multi-cylinder engine.
- two-stroke /
- aviation heavy fuel /
- turbocharging matching /
- exhaust tuning /
- genetic algorithm

HTML

图 1 发动机扫气相位

Figure 1. Engine scavenging phase

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图 2 发动机功率海拔特性设计曲线

Figure 2. Engine power altitude characteristic design curve

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图 3 排气谐振系统工作原理

Figure 3. Working principle of tuned booster system

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图 4 膨胀波传播相位图

Figure 4. Expansion wave propagation phase diagram

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图 5 压缩波传播相位图

Figure 5. Compressed wave propagation phase diagram

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图 6 谐振增压系统参数化示意图

Figure 6. Parametric diagram of tuned booster system

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图 7 发动机一维仿真模型

Figure 7. One-dimensional engine simulation model

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图 8 发动机试验台架

Figure 8. Engine test bench

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图 9 外特性功率校核结果

Figure 9. External characteristic power check result

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图 10 缸压校核结果

Figure 10. Cylinder pressure check result

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图 11 谐振增压系统参数计算流程图

Figure 11. Calculation process diagram of tuned booster system parameters

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图 12 目标函数值收敛过程

Figure 12. Objective function value convergence process

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图 13 谐振管结构参数迭代过程

Figure 13. Iterative process of tuned tube structure parameters

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图 14 优化前后不同海拔发动机功率

Figure 14. Engine power at different altitudes before and after optimization

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图 15 优化前后不同海拔增压器放气率

Figure 15. Booster bleed rate at different altitudes before and after optimization

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图 16 不同海拔优化前后排气背压对比

Figure 16. Comparison of exhaust backpressure before and after optimization at different altitudes

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图 17 不同海拔优化前后充量系数和捕获率的对比

Figure 17. Comparison of charging coefficient and capture rate before and after optimization at different altitudes

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图 18 仿真和试验的增压压力对比

Figure 18. Comparison of boost pressure between simulation and experiment

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图 19 仿真和试验进气质量流量对比

Figure 19. Comparison of simulation and experimental intake mass flow rates

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图 20 自然吸气和谐振增压系统排气管对比

Figure 20. Comparison of naturally aspirated and tuned boost exhaust systems

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图 21 自然吸气与谐振增压外特性试验结果

Figure 21. Experiment results of natural aspiration and tuned boost external characteristics

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表 1 发动机参数

Table 1. Engine specifications

参数		数值或说明
发动机型式		水平对置，四缸，二冲程
排量/L		1.35
缸径/mm		82
冲程/mm		64
额定功率/kW		80
额定转速/（r/min）		6000
压缩比		8.0
供油方式		空气辅助缸内直喷
曲轴转角/（°）	排气口开启	87
	排气口关闭	273
	扫气口开启	123
	扫气口关闭	237
燃料		航空煤油

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表 2 发动机排气谐振管结构参数

Table 2. Tuned exhaust pipe structure parameters mm

参数	数值
排气歧管长度L_m	240
扩张段位置L_e	360
收缩段位置L_t	1160
入口段长度L₁	160
扩张段长度L₂	300
等径段长度L₃	500
收缩段长度L₄	200
出口段长度L₅	50
入口直径D₁	55
扩张直径D₂	120
出口直径D₃	40

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表 3 谐振管参数优化范围

Table 3. Optimization range of tuned tube parameters mm

参数	数值	参数	数值
L_e	200～600	L₃	L_t−L_e−L₄
L_t	800～1300	L₄	0～500
L₁	L_e−L₂−L_m	D₂	60～150
L₂	0～500	D₃	30～50

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表 4 谐振管参数优化结果

Table 4. Optimization results of tuned tube parameters mm

参数	数值	参数	数值
L_e	266.2	L₃	553.6
L_t	1001.5	L₄	181.7
L₁	9.7	D₂	119.8
L₂	256.5	D₃	38.3

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